57th United States Congress

The Fifty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1901 to March 4, 1903, during the final six months of William McKinley's presidency, and the first year and a half of the first administration of his successor, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 Party summary
- 3.1 Senate
- 3.2 House of Representatives
4 Leadership
- 4.1 Senate
- 4.2 House of Representatives
5 Members
- 5.1 Senate
- 5.2 House of Representatives
6 Changes in Membership
7 Employees
- 7.1 Senate
- 7.2 House of Representatives
8 References

[edit] Major events

Main articles: 1901 in the United States, 1902 in the United States, and 1903 in the United States

September 6, 1901: Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York
September 14, 1901: President William McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States
October 16, 1901: President Roosevelt invited African American leader Booker T. Washington to the White House. The American South reacted angrily to the visit, and racial violence increased in the region.
December 3, 1901: President Roosevelt delivered a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives, asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits."
February 22, 1902: Senators Benjamin Tillman and John L. McLaurin, both of South Carolina, have a fist fight while Congress is in session.^[1] Both Tillman and McLaurin were later censured by the Senate on February 28.
June 2, 1902: The Anthracite Coal Strike by the United Mine Workers began, continuing until October 21, 1902.
July 4, 1902: The Philippine–American War ended

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1901-2001#57th United States Congress

June 17, 1902: Newlands Reclamation Act
June 28, 1902: Isthmian Canal Act (Panama Canal), Sess. 1, ch. 1302, 32 Stat. 481
January 21, 1903: Militia Act of 1903
February 11, 1903: Expediting Act, Sess. 2, ch. 544, 32 Stat. 823
February 19, 1903: Elkins Act
March 3, 1903: Immigration Act of 1903, including §39, the Anarchist Exclusion Act

[edit] Party summary

[edit] Senate

	Party (Shading shows control)					Total	Vacant

	Democratic (D)	Populist (P)	Republican (R)	Silver (S)	Silver Republican (SR)
End of the previous congress	23	7	54	2	2	88	2

Begin	28	2	53	0	3	86	4
End	28	2	56	0	3	89	1
Final voting share	31.5%	2.2%	62.9%	0.0%	3.4%

Beginning of the next congress	33	0	55	0	2	90	0

[edit] House of Representatives

Democratic: 151
Republican: 200 (majority)
Populist: 5
Silver (Silver Republican): 1

TOTAL members: 357

[edit] Leadership

President of the Senate
Theodore Roosevelt

[edit] Senate

President: Theodore Roosevelt (R), until September 14, 1901, vacant thereafter.
President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)
Democratic Caucus Chairman: James K. Jones (D)
Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison (R)

[edit] House of Representatives

Speaker: David B. Henderson (R)
Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Hay (D)
Republican Conference Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon (R)

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, precede the names in the list below. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1904; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1906; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1902.

[edit] Delaware

1. vacant
2. J. Frank Allee (R), from March 2, 1903

[edit] Florida

3. Stephen Mallory (D)
1. James P. Taliaferro (D)

[edit] Georgia

2. Augustus O. Bacon (D)
3. Alexander S. Clay (D)

[edit] Idaho

3. Henry Heitfeld (Pop.)
2. Fred T. Dubois (D)

[edit] Illinois

2. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
3. William E. Mason (R)

[edit] Indiana

3. Charles W. Fairbanks (R)
1. Albert J. Beveridge (R)

[edit] Iowa

3. William B. Allison (R)
2. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)

[edit] Kansas

3. William A. Harris (Pop.)
2. Joseph R. Burton (R)

[edit] Kentucky

3. William J. Deboe (R)
2. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

[edit] Louisiana

3. Samuel D. McEnery (D)
2. Murphy J. Foster (D)

[edit] Maine

1. Eugene Hale (R)
2. William P. Frye (R)

[edit] Maryland

3. George L. Wellington (R)
1. Louis E. McComas (R)

[edit] Massachusetts

2. George Frisbie Hoar (R)
1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R)

[edit] Michigan

2. James McMillan (R), died August 10, 1902

Russell A. Alger (R), appointed September 27, 1902, subsequently elected
1. Julius C. Burrows (R)

[edit] Minnesota

2. Knute Nelson (Rep.)
1. Moses E. Clapp (Rep.)

[edit] Mississippi

1. Hernando D. Money (D)
2. Anselm J. McLaurin (D)

[edit] Missouri

1. Francis M. Cockrell (D)
3. George G. Vest (D)

[edit] Montana

2. William A. Clark (D)
1. Paris Gibson (D), from March 7, 1901

[edit] Nebraska

1. William V. Allen (Pop.), until March 28, 1901

Charles H. Dietrich (R), from December 2, 1901
2. Joseph H. Millard (R), from March 28, 1901

[edit] Nevada

3. John P. Jones (R)
1. William M. Stewart (R)

[edit] New Hampshire

3. Jacob H. Gallinger (R)
2. Henry E. Burnham (R)

[edit] New Jersey

2. William J. Sewell (R), died December 27, 1901

John F. Dryden (R), appointed to fill vacancy January 29, 1902
1. John Kean (R)

[edit] New York

3. Thomas C. Platt (R)
1. Chauncey M. Depew (R)

[edit] North Carolina

3. Jeter C. Pritchard (R)
2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D)

[edit] North Dakota

3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R)
1. Porter J. McCumber (R)

[edit] Ohio

3. Joseph B. Foraker (R)
1. Marcus A. Hanna (R)

[edit] Oregon

3. Joseph Simon (R)
2. John H. Mitchell (R)

[edit] Pennsylvania

3. Boies Penrose (R)
1. Matthew S. Quay (R)

[edit] Rhode Island

1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R)
2. George P. Wetmore (R)

[edit] South Carolina

2. Benjamin R. Tillman (D)
3. John L. McLaurin (D)

[edit] South Dakota

3. James H. Kyle (R), died July 1, 1901

Alfred B. Kittredge (R), appointed July 11, 1901, subsequently elected
2. Robert J. Gamble (R)

[edit] Tennessee

1. William B. Bate (D)
2. Edward W. Carmack (D)

[edit] Texas

1. Charles A. Culberson (D)
2. Joseph W. Bailey (D)

[edit] Utah

3. Joseph L. Rawlins (D)
1. Thomas Kearns (R)

[edit] Vermont

1. Redfield Proctor (R)
3. William P. Dillingham (R)

[edit] Virginia

1. John W. Daniel (D)
2. Thomas S. Martin (D)

[edit] Washington

3. George Turner (Silver R)
1. Addison G. Foster (Silver R)

[edit] West Virginia

2. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
1. Nathan B. Scott (R)

[edit] Wisconsin

3. John C. Spooner (R)
1. Joseph V. Quarles (R)

[edit] Wyoming

1. Clarence D. Clark (R)
2. Francis E. Warren (R)

Speaker of the House
David B. Henderson

[edit] House of Representatives

[edit] Alabama

[edit] Arkansas

[edit] California

[edit] Colorado

1. John F. Shafroth (Silver R)
2. John Calhoun Bell (Populist)

[edit] Connecticut

1. E. Stevens Henry (R)
2. Nehemiah D. Sperry (R)
3. Charles A. Russell (R), died October 23, 1902
- Frank Bosworth Brandegee (R), from November 4, 1902
4. Ebenezer J. Hill (R)

[edit] Delaware

At-large. L. Heisler Ball (R)

[edit] Florida

1. Stephen M. Sparkman (D)
2. Robert W. Davis (D)

[edit] Georgia

[edit] Idaho

At-large. Thomas L. Glenn (Populist)

[edit] Illinois

[edit] Indiana

[edit] Iowa

1. Thomas Hedge (R)
2. John N. W. Rumple (R), until January 31, 1903, vacant thereafter
3. David B. Henderson (R)
4. Gilbert N. Haugen (R)
5. Robert G. Cousins (R)
6. John F. Lacey (R)
7. John A. T. Hull (R)
8. William P. Hepburn (R)
9. Walter I. Smith (R)
10. James P. Conner (R)
11. Lot Thomas (R)

[edit] Kansas

1. Charles Curtis (R)
2. Justin De Witt Bowersock (R)
3. Alfred Metcalf Jackson (D)
4. James Monroe Miller (R)
5. William A. Calderhead (R)
6. William A. Reeder (R)
7. Chester I. Long (R), until March 4, 1903, vacant thereafter
At-large. Charles Frederick Scott (R)

[edit] Kentucky

1. Charles K. Wheeler (D)
2. Henry Dixon Allen (D)
3. John S. Rhea (D), was ousted March 25, 1902
- J. McKenzie Moss (R), contested election and was seated March 25, 1902
4. David Highbaugh Smith (D)
5. Harvey Samuel Irwin (R)
6. Daniel Linn Gooch (D)
7. South Trimble (D)
8. George G. Gilbert (D)
9. James Nicholas Kehoe (D)
10. James Bramford White (D)
11. Vincent Boreing (R)

[edit] Louisiana

[edit] Maine

1. Amos L. Allen (R)
2. Charles E. Littlefield (R)
3. Edwin C. Burleigh (R)
4. Llewellyn Powers (R), took seat April 8, 1901

[edit] Maryland

[edit] Massachusetts

1. George P. Lawrence (R)
2. Frederick H. Gillett (R)
3. John R. Thayer (D)
4. Charles Q. Tirrell (R)
5. William S. Knox (R)
6. William H. Moody (R), resigned May 1, 1902
- Augustus P. Gardner (R)
7. Ernest W. Roberts (Rep)
8. Samuel W. McCall (R)
9. Joseph A. Conry (D)
10. Henry F. Naphen (D)
11. Samuel L. Powers (R)
12. William C. Lovering (R)
13. William S. Greene (R)

[edit] Michigan

1. John B. Corliss (R)
2. Henry C. Smith (R)
3. Washington Gardner (R)
4. Edward L. Hamilton (R)
5. William Alden Smith (R)
6. Samuel W. Smith (R)
7. Edgar Weeks (R)
8. Joseph W. Fordney (R)
9. Roswell P. Bishop (R)
10. Rousseau O. Crump (R), died May 1, 1901
- Henry H. Alpin (R)
11. Archibald B. Darragh (R)
12. Carlos D. Shelden (R)

[edit] Minnesota

[edit] Mississippi

[edit] Missouri

1. James T. Lloyd (D)
2. William W. Rucker (D)
3. John Dougherty (D)
4. Charles F. Cochran (D)
5. William S. Cowherd (D)
6. David A. De Armond (D)
7. James Cooney (D)
8. Dorsey W. Shackleford (D)
9. James Beauchamp Clark (D)
10. Richard Bartholdt (R)
11. Charles F. Joy (R)
12. James Joseph Butler (D), until June 28, 1902, then November 4, 1902 – February 26, 1903
- George Chester Robinson Wagoner (R), from February 26, 1903
13. Edward Robb (D)
14. Willard D. Vandiver (D)
15. Maecenas E. Benton (D)

[edit] Montana

At-large. Caldwell Edwards (Pop.)

[edit] Nebraska

[edit] Nevada

At-large. Francis G. Newlands (D)

[edit] New Hampshire

1. Cyrus A. Sulloway (R)
2. Frank Dunklee Currier (R)

[edit] New Jersey

1. Henry C. Loudenslager (R)
2. John J. Gardner (R)
3. Benjamin F. Howell (R)
4. Joshua S. Salmon (D), died May 6, 1902
- De Witt C. Flanagan (D)
5. James F. Stewart (R)
6. Richard W. Parker (R)
7. Allan L. McDermott (D)
8. Charles N. Fowler (R)

[edit] New York

1. Frederic Storm (R)
2. John J. Fitzgerald (D)
3. Henry Bristow (R)
4. Harry A. Hanbury (R)
5. Frank E. Wilson (D)
6. George H. Lindsay (D)
7. Nicholas Muller (D), resigned December 1, 1902
- Montague Lessler (R)
8. Thomas J. Creamer (D)
9. Henry M. Goldfogle (D)
10. Amos J. Cummings (D), died May 2, 1902
- Edward Swann (D)
11. William Sulzer (D)
12. George B. McClellan, Jr. (D)
13. Oliver H.P. Belmont (D)
14. William H. Douglas (R)
15. Jacob Ruppert, Jr. (D)
16. Cornelius A. Pugsley (D)
17. Arthur S. Tompkins (R)
18. John H. Ketcham (R)
19. William Draper (R)
20. George N. Southwick (R)
21. John Knox Stewart (R)
22. Lucius N. Littauer (R)
23. Louis W. Emerson (R)
24. Charles L. Knapp (R)
25. James S. Sherman (R)
26. George W. Ray (R), resigned September 11, 1902
- John W. Dwight (R)
27. Michael E. Driscoll (R)
28. Sereno E. Payne (R)
29. Charles W. Gillet (R)
30. James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (R)
31. James B. Perkins (R)
32. William H. Ryan (D)
33. De Alva S. Alexander (R)
34. Edward B. Vreeland (R)

[edit] North Carolina

1. John Humphrey Small (D)
2. Claude Kitchin (D)
3. Charles R. Thomas (D)
4. Edward W. Pou (D)
5. William W. Kitchin (D)
6. John D. Bellamy (D)
7. Theodore F. Kluttz (D)
8. E. Spencer Blackburn (R)
9. James M. Moody (R), died February 5, 1903, vacant for remainder of term

[edit] North Dakota

At-large. Thomas Frank Marshall (R)

[edit] Ohio

[edit] Oregon

1. Thomas H. Tongue (R), until January 11, 1903, vacant thereafter
2. Malcolm A. Moody (R)

[edit] Pennsylvania

1. Henry H. Bingham (R)
2. Robert Adams, Jr. (R)
3. Henry Burk (R)
4. James R. Young (R)
5. Edward D. Morrell (R)
6. Thomas S. Butler (R)
7. Irving P. Wanger (R)
8. Howard Mutchler (D)
9. Henry D. Green (D)
10. Marriott Brosius (R), died March 16, 1901
- Henry Burd Cassel (R)
11. William Connell (R)
12. Henry W. Palmer (R)
13. George R. Patterson (R)
14. Marlin E. Olmsted (R)
15. Charles F. Wright (R)
16. Elias Deemer (R)
17. Rufus K. Polk (D), died March 5, 1902
- Alexander Billmeyer (D)
18. Thaddeus M. Mahon (R)
19. Robert J. Lewis (R)
20. Alvin Evans (R)
21. Summers M. Jack (R)
22. John Dalzell (R)
23. William H. Graham (R)
24. Ernest F. Acheson (R)
25. Joseph B. Showalter (R)
26. Arthur L. Bates (R)
27. Joseph C. Sibley (R)
28. James K.P. Hall (D), resigned November 29, 1902, vacant for remainder of term
At-large. Galusha A. Grow (R)
At-large. Robert H. Foerderer (R)

[edit] Rhode Island

1. Melville Bull (R)
2. Adin B. Capron (R)

[edit] South Carolina

1. William Elliott (D)
2. W. Jasper Talbert (D)
3. Asbury C. Latimer (D)
4. Joseph T. Johnson (D)
5. David E. Finley (D)
6. Robert B. Scarborough (D)
7. J. William Stokes (D), Died July 6, 1901

Asbury F. Lever (D)

[edit] South Dakota

At-large. Charles H. Burke (R)
At-large. Eben W. Martin (R)

[edit] Tennessee

[edit] Texas

1. Thomas H. Ball (D)
2. Samuel B. Cooper (D)
3. Reese C. De Graffenreid (D), until August 29, 1902
- Gordon J. Russell (D)
4. John L. Sheppard (D), until October 11, 1902
- Morris Sheppard (D)
5. Choice B. Randell (D)
6. Robert E. Burke (D), until June 5, 1901
- Dudley G. Wooten (D)
7. Robert L. Henry (D)
8. Samuel W.T. Lanham (D), until January 15, 1903, vacant thereafter
9. Albert S. Burleson (D)
10. George F. Burgess (D)
11. Rudolph Kleberg (D)
12. James L. Slayden (D)
13. John H. Stephens (D)

[edit] Utah

At-large. George Sutherland (R)

[edit] Vermont

1. David J. Foster (R)
2. Kittredge Haskins (R)

[edit] Virginia

1. William A. Jones (D)
2. Harry L. Maynard (D)
3. John Lamb (D)
4. Francis R. Lassiter (D)
5. Claude A. Swanson (D)
6. Peter J. Otey (D), died May 4, 1902
- Carter Glass (D)
7. James Hay (D)
8. John F. Rixey (D)
9. William F. Rhea (D)
10. Henry D. Flood (D)

[edit] Washington

At-large. Francis W. Cushman (R)
At-large. Wesley L. Jones (R)

[edit] West Virginia

[edit] Wisconsin

[edit] Wyoming

At-large. Frank W. Mondell (R)

[edit] Non-voting members

Arizona Territory. Marcus Aurelius Smith (D)
Hawaii Territory. Robert W. Wilcox (Independent)
New Mexico Territory. Bernard Shandon Rodey (R)
Oklahoma Territory. Dennis T. Flynn (R)
Puerto Rico. Federico Degetau (R)

[edit] Changes in Membership

‹ The template below (Empty section) is being considered for possible deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus.›

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2009)

[edit] Employees

Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark, died January 6, 1902.
- Elliott Woods, appointed February 19, 1902.

[edit] Senate

Secretary: Charles G. Bennett
Sergeant at Arms: Daniel M. Ransdell
Chaplain: William H. Millburn, Methodist
- F.J. Prettyman, Methodist, elected December 2, 1902.

[edit] House of Representatives

[edit] References

^ "SENATORS FIGHT ON SENATE FLOOR; McLaurin and Tillman of South Carolina Come to Blows. BOTH ADJUDGED IN CONTEMPT They Apologize, but Committee Will Pass on the Affair. Fisticuffs Followed McLaurin's Assertion That Tillman Had Lied About Him in the Course of Philippine Debate". The New York Times. February 23, 1902.

Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-02778-4.
Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-088434-7.
U.S. Congress (2005). "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
U.S. House of Representatives (2006). "Congressional History". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01. ^{[dead link]}
U.S. Senate (2006). "Statistics and Lists". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.