Ali ibn al-Husayn (Arabic: علي بن الحسين ) (approximately 6 January 659 – 20 October 712)[2] known by the honorific Zayn al-Abidin ("Beauty/Best of the Worshippers") was a great-grandson of Muhammad, as well as the fourth Shiah Imam (the third Imam according to Ismailis). His mother was Shahrbanu and his father was Husayn ibn Ali. His brothers include Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn and Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn. He is also referred to as Imam al-Sajjad "the Prostrating Imam" and Sayyid as-Sajjadīna wa Raki‘in "Leader of Those who Prostrate and Bow".
 Ali Zayn al-Abidin Imam of Twelver Shia Islam |
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| Rank | 4th Twelver/Zaidi/Mustaali Imām 3rd Nizārī Imām |
| Name | Ali ibn al-Husayn |
| Kunya | Abu al-Hasan |
| Birth | 5th Sha‘bān 38 AH[1] ≈ 659 C.E. |
| Death | 12th or 25th Muharram 95 AH '≈ 712 C.E. |
| Birthplace | Madīnah[2][3] or Kūfah[4] |
| Buried | Jannatul Baqī‘, Madīnah |
| Life duration |
Before Imamate: 23 years (61 – 95 AH) |
| Titles |
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| Spouse(s) |
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| Father | Husayn ibn Ali |
| Mother | Shahr Banu[3][6][10] |
| Children | |
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al-Sajjad · al-Baqir · al-Sadiq |
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Ali ibn al-Husayn (Arabic: علي بن الحسين ) (approximately 6 January 659 – 20 October 712)[2] known by the honorific Zayn al-Abidin ("Beauty/Best of the Worshippers") was a great-grandson of Muhammad, as well as the fourth Shiah Imam (the third Imam according to Ismailis). His mother was Shahrbanu and his father was Husayn ibn Ali. His brothers include Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn and Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn. He is also referred to as Imam al-Sajjad "the Prostrating Imam" and Sayyid as-Sajjadīna wa Raki‘in "Leader of Those who Prostrate and Bow".
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Birth and family life[edit]
Ali was born in Medina. His father, Husayn ibn Ali, was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His brothers were Ali al-Akbar and Ali al-Asghar. His sisters were Sakinah (Fatima al-Kubra) bint Husayn, Fatima al-Sughra bint al-Husayn and Ruqayyah.He was known as zayn-ul-abideen.
Learning[edit]
He dedicated his life to learning and became an authority on prophetic traditions and Sharia. He is regarded as the source of the third holiest book in Shia Islam after the Quraan and the Nahj al Balagha: the Saḥīfa al-Sadjadiyya, commonly referred to as the Psalms of the Household of Muhammad. Al-Ḥusayn had many supporters such as Sa'id ibn Jubayr.
He migrated to Karbala with his father. He was the only one of the sons of Hussein ibn Ali who survived the Battle of Karbala in 680, since he did not take part in the fighting due to illness.[11]
Death[edit]
Al-Ḥusayn resided in Medina until his death on approximately 20 October 712, when he was killed by the Bani Umayyah rulers. By the instructions of Walid Bin Merwan, the governor of Medina, Ali was poisoned by Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He was buried in Jannatul Baqee', the cemetery in Madinah where other important figures of Islamic history are buried.
Time line[edit]
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Clan of the Banu Quraish
Born: 5th Sha‘bān 38 AH ≈ 659 CE Died: 25th Muharram 95 AH ≈ 712 CE |
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| Shī‘a Islam titles | ||
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| Preceded by Husayn ibn Ali |
4th Imam of Twelver Shi'a Islam 680 – 712 3rd Imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam |
Succeeded by Muhammad al-Baqir Successor |
| Succeeded by Zayd ibn Ali Zaidi successor |
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See also[edit]
External links[edit]
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
- Ali ibn Husayn by Wilferd Madelung, an article in Encyclopædia Iranica
References[edit]
- ^ 1. Kitab Al Irshad, Shaykh Mufid. 2. Ibn al-Sabbagh, al-Fusul al-Muhimma, p. 212.
- ^ a b Shaykh al-Mufid. "The Infallibles – Taken from Kitab al Irshad". Retrieved 2009-05-12.
- ^ a b c A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. 2004. p. 111.
- ^ al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. "2". The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 14.
- ^ al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Ansariyan Publications. p. 17.
- ^ a b c ibn Khallikan. Ibn Khallikan's biographical dictionary 2. p. 209.
- ^ A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Ansariyan Publications. p. 112.
- ^ a b al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Ansariyan Publications. p. 18.
- ^ a b al-Qurashi, Baqir Shareef. The life of Imam Zayn al-‘Abidin. Ansariyan Publications. p. 19.
- ^ Tabataba'i, Muhammad Husayn (1979). Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press. p. 201.
- ^ Jafri, S.H Mohammad. "The Origin and Early Development of Shi'a Islam,”, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 166, ISBN 978-0-19-579387-1
Shi'a references[edit]
- al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya at Humshia.com
- Ketab Al Irshad, By Sheikh Mufid
- Imam Sajjad at Swipnet.se
- Ali ibn Al-Husayn
- The Fourth Imam at Al-Islam.org
- The Fourth Imam at Swipnet.se
- The life of Imām Zayn al ‘Abidin by Bāqir Sharif al-Qarashi.
- Life of Imam az-Zayn al-Abideen as-Sajjad by Dr. Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy .
- A Mobile web app on the life and teachings of Imam Zainul Abideen (AS)
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