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This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (November 2010) |
| Association of Surfing Professionals ASP |
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| Sport | Professional Surfing |
| Founded | 1982 |
| Location | Coolangatta, Australia |
| Chief Exec | Paul Speaker[1] |
| Official website | |
| www.aspworldtour.com | |
The Association of Surfing Professionals (ASP) is the governing body for professional surfers and is dedicated to showcasing the world’s best talent in a variety of progressive formats.[2]
History [edit]
Predecessors to the ASP [edit]
- 1964 to 1968, International Surfing Federation (ISF) held the World Surfing Championships as a single event and was open to all comers.
- 1970 to 1975, Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships, often referred to as the defacto professional world championship because the International Surfing Federation had been unable to establish a format or sponsorship so no official amateur championships were held between 1973 and 1975.
- 1976 to 1982, International Professional Surfers (IPS) was the original world governing body of professional surfing.
The predecessors of the ASP relates to what organization predominantly represented individual professional surfers at that time. This is an important point because the International Surfing Federation (ISF) still functions to this day as the International Surfing Association (ISA) and also refers to competition winners as world champions (or variants thereof).[3][4]
Creation of the ASP [edit]
Ian Cairns watched the demise of the IPS commence throughout 1982 and saw an opportunity. In January 1983, Cairns launched the ASP and lured the world circuit organizers to the new organization, which effectively pushed aside the IPS who were left to operate only the Hawaiian pro events. By December 1984, the ASP had sanctioned the IPS controlled Pipeline Masters as a specialty event available to ASP members to enter for the first time.[5] The ASP has remained the predominant surfing organization and sanctioning body for professional surfers since its formation.
The ASP's first world champions were Tom Carroll (mens) and Kim Mearig (women's) in 1983.
ASP Membership [edit]
Membership to the ASP is only available to individuals.[6]
ASP Sanctioned Tours [edit]
- ASP World Tour (consisting of ASP World Title Race, ASP PRIME and ASP Star events);
- ASP Women’s World Tour (consisting of ASP World Title Race and ASP Star events);
- ASP World Longboard Tour
- ASP Women’s World Longboard Tour and
- ASP World Junior Tour.[7][8]
ASP World Title Race [edit]
The ASP World Title Race is used to determine the ASP World Title and the ASP Women’s World Title. The winner is referred to as the ASP World Tour Champion.[9]
In 2012, the ASP World Title is given to the surfer with the most accumulated points from their respective best 8 results from the 10 ASP World Tour events (ASP Prime and Star events excluded).[10][11]
In 2012, the ASP Women’s World Title is given to the surfer with the most accumulated points from their respective best 6 results from the 7 ASP Women’s World Tour events (ASP Star Events excluded).[10]
ASP World Tour & ASP Women's World Tour [edit]
The ASP World Tour is the men's elite competition consisting of the best 34 professional surfers competing in 10 events (as of 2012).[10][12]
The ASP Women's World Tour is the women's elite competition consisting of the best 17 professional surfers competing in 7 events (as of 2012).[10][12]
Event results are converted to points and count towards the ASP World Title Race and the ultimate prize of being called the ASP World Tour Champion.
ASP Prime & ASP Star events [edit]
An ASP Prime event is held at premium venues with a restricted field and offers Prime ASP World Rankings points.[13]
An ASP Star event is a lower level of competition, compared to an ASP Prime event, with their importance indicated by how many stars they are assigned: more stars means generally better competition and prize money.[13]
ASP World Ranking [edit]
ASP World Tour and ASP Women's World Tour surfers accumulate points from each ASP World Tour, ASP Prime (ASP World Tour only) and ASP Star event they compete in which count towards their ASP World Ranking. Accumulated points are valid for 12 months from the final date of the scheduled event in which they were earned.[13]
Promotion & Relegation [edit]
ASP World Ranking determines the promotion or relegation of surfers.
2012 Tours [edit]
The qualifiers for the 2012 ASP World Tour top 34 surfers was determined using a Rotation Points system.[13]
The qualifiers for the 2012 ASP Women's World Tour was determined by a surfer's rank at the conclusion of the 2011 Tour. The top 10 re-qualified for 2012 and the remaining 7 places were taken from the ASP Star Ranking.[13]
2013 Tours [edit]
The qualifiers for the 2013 ASP World Tour top 34 surfers will consist of:
- Top 22 surfers from 2012 ASP World Title Rankings;
- Top 10 surfers from 2012 ASP World Rankings (those who haven’t already qualified in the above) and
- 2 ASP wildcards.
Rules [edit]
Judging [edit]
In contests surfers will be scored on a scale of 0.1 to 10.0, these scores will be broken up into increments of one-tenth. The following scale can be use in order to relate descriptions with the score:
- 0–1.9 = Poor
- 2.0–3.9 = Fair
- 4.0–5.9 = Average;
- 6.0–7.9 = Good
- 8.0–10.0 = Excellent
Judging criteria [edit]
Judges will base the previous score on how successfully surfers display these following elements in each wave:
- Commitment and degree of difficulty
- Innovative and progressive maneuvers
- Combination of major maneuvers
- Variety of maneuvers
- Speed, power and flow
These elements may be weighted differently from day to day and event to event, depending upon on the surfing conditions and the type of breaking wave at each event location. This criterion is different than in longboarding competitions. All of this is focused on creating some type consistency that can be seen throughout the many different events.[14]
The events themselves are previously declared 1-6 star events; among other things this ranking shows what numbers of judges which are required at the event. A 1-3 star events are required to have a six judge panel with four judges on each heat. A 4-6 Star event requires seven judges with five of those judges on each heat. At 5-6 star events and prime events there is only allowed to be 3 judges from any one region. This is then limited to two at any world title events. All events also require an ASP approved head judge who has the ability to make corrections to errors or any other events that may have affected the results.[15]
Rules [edit]
There are many rules out in the water which all revolve around the idea of right of way. A surfer has right of way if he or she is closer to the area where the wave is breaking, this is more commonly referred to as having the inside position. If another surfer takes off in front of the surfer which has the inside position then interference will be called and penalties will be enacted. In most circumstances it does not matter who stood up first but who has the inside position.[15]
A surfer can also be found guilty of inference if they catch more than their maximum amount of waves in a heat and that this takes away from the other competitors ability to catch waves. A competitor is also not allowed to interfere with another competitor’s paddling and maneuvering for a wave.[15]
The rules of right-a-way vary slightly with the type of break. Point Breaks will always have a consistent direct of what is inside, that is the person further up the line will have right-away. In a single peak situation where there is both a left and a right two people are able to be on the wave at the same time provided that one goes left and one goes right and that neither crosses the path of the other to go one direction. If this does happen then the surfer who stood up first will get the right-a-way. On a multi peaked wave where the wave eventually comes together both peaks can be surfed until the surfers come together, when they do the surfer who stood up first has right-a-way and the other must maneuver to get off the wave without interrupting the other surfer.[15]
In a one-on-one competition priority can be declared by the Head Judge. Once the person with priority has paddled for a wave priority is then turned over to the next person until that person does the same. The person with second priority can paddles for waves as long as it does not interfere with the other person and will only lose their priority if they catch a wave.[15]
A surfer who has already taken off or obtained possession of a wave maintains this position until the end of their ride. If another surfer takes off on the inside of this surfer then this person does not obtain priority and is considered to be snaking. If this surfer does not hurt the other surfers ride then both people can be scored based. If the judges de/atermine that the snaking did interfere then the person will be penalized. Interference penalties are called by the judges and must have a majority to be declared an actual penalty. Interferences are shown as triangles on the score cards in various different ways depending on when or where in the heat they were made. If three or more waves are being scored then one wave will be dropped off the score card. If only the top two waves are being scored then 50% of the second best scored wave will be taken off. If a surfer has more than one then 50% of the best waves score will be taken off also. The surfer who has been interfered with will be allowed an additional wave to their maximum as long as it is within the time limit. If a surfer interferes more than twice in a heat then they must leave the competition area.[15]
ASP World Tour Champions [edit]
| Year | ASP World Tour[16][17] | ASP Women's World Tour[17][18] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Points | Name | Points | ||
| 2013 | |||||
| 2012 |  Joel Parkinson[1] (AUS) |
58,700 | Stephanie Gilmore[5] (AUS) |
48,400 | |
| 2011 |  Kelly Slater[11] (USA) |
68,100 |  Carissa Moore (HAW) |
55,000 | |
| 2010 | Kelly Slater[10] (USA) |
69,000 | Stephanie Gilmore[4] (AUS) |
7,284 | |
| 2009 | Mick Fanning [2] (AUS) |
7,140 | Stephanie Gilmore[3] (AUS) |
6,169 | |
| 2008 | Kelly Slater[9] (USA) |
8,042 | Stephanie Gilmore[2] (AUS) |
7,188 | |
| 2007 | Mick Fanning (AUS) |
8,136 | Stephanie Gilmore[1] (AUS) |
6,708 | |
| 2006 | Kelly Slater [8] (USA) |
8,124 | Layne Beachley[7] (AUS) |
6,374 | |
| 2005 | Kelly Slater [7] (USA) |
7,962 | Chelsea Georgeson (AUS) |
7,080 | |
| 2004 | Andy Irons [3] (HAW) |
7,824 |  Sofia Mulanovich (PER) |
5,484 | |
| 2003 | Andy Irons [2] (HAW) |
8,964 | Layne Beachley [6] (AUS) |
3,696 | |
| 2002 | Andy Irons (HAW) |
8,102 | Layne Beachley [5] (AUS) |
3,200 | |
| 2001 | C. J. Hobgood (USA) |
3,094 | Layne Beachley [4] (AUS) |
1,760 | |
| 2000 | Sunny Garcia (HAW) |
7,270 | Layne Beachley [3] (AUS) |
5,730 | |
| 1999 | Mark Occhilupo (AUS) |
7,120 | Layne Beachley [2] (AUS) |
8,080 | |
| 1998 | Kelly Slater [6] (USA) |
6,398 | Layne Beachley (AUS) |
7,920 | |
| 1997 | Kelly Slater [5] (USA) |
8,260 | Lisa Andersen[4] (USA) |
8,520 | |
| 1996 | Kelly Slater [4] (USA) |
9,540 | Lisa Andersen[3] (USA) |
12,750 | |
| 1995 | Kelly Slater [3] (USA) |
6,040 | Lisa Andersen [2] (USA) |
12,920 | |
| 1994 | Kelly Slater [2] (USA) |
6,660 | Lisa Andersen (USA) |
7,650 | |
| 1993 | Derek Ho (HAW) |
5,510 | Pauline Menczer (AUS) |
7,080 | |
| 1992 | Kelly Slater (USA) |
7,765 | Wendy Botha [4] (AUS) |
10,205 | |
| 1991 | Damien Hardman [2] (AUS) |
12,854 | Wendy Botha [3] (AUS) |
7,424 | |
| 1990 | Tom Curren [3] (USA) |
17,612 | Pam Burridge (AUS) |
14,440 | |
| 1989 |  Martin Potter (UK) |
20,665 | Wendy Botha [2] (AUS) |
14,380 | |
| 1988 | Barton Lynch (AUS) |
17,475 | Freida Zamba [4] (USA) |
7,960 | |
| 1987/88 | Damien Hardman (AUS) |
13,690 |  Wendy Botha (RSA) |
8,220 | |
| 1986/87 | Tom Curren [2] (USA) |
13,115 | Freida Zamba [3] (USA) |
9,230 | |
| 1985/86 | Tom Curren (USA) |
11,490 | Freida Zamba [2] (USA) |
5,320 | |
| 1984/85 | Tom Carroll[2] (AUS) |
9,460.38 | Freida Zamba (USA) |
3,400 | |
| 1983/84 | Tom Carroll (AUS) |
6,830 | Kim Mearig (USA) |
3,125 | |
| IPS World Circuit | |||||
| 1982 | Mark Richards [5] (AUS) |
6,917 | Debbie Beacham (USA) |
3,059.14 | |
| 1981 | Mark Richards [4] (AUS) |
6,211.52 | Margo Oberg[3] (HAW) |
3,850 | |
| 1980 | Mark Richards [3] (AUS) |
6,890 | Margo Oberg [2] (HAW) |
2,000 | |
| 1979 | Mark Richards [2] (AUS) |
6,781.14 | Lynn Boyer[2] (HAW) |
3,722.50 | |
| 1978 | Wayne Bartholomew (AUS) |
5,749.25 | Lynn Boyer (HAW) |
3,986.14 | |
| 1977 | Shaun Tomson (RSA) |
5,948.3 | Margo Oberg (HAW) |
4,850 | |
| 1976 | Peter Townend (AUS) |
5,593 | – | – | |
| Smirnoff World Pro-Am Surfing Championships | |||||
| 1975 | Mark Richards (AUS) |
– | – | – | |
| 1974 | Reno Abellira (USA) |
– | – | – | |
| 1973 | Ian Cairns (AUS) |
– | – | – | |
| 1972 | Paul Neilsen (AUS) |
– | – | – | |
| 1971 | Gavin Rudolph (RSA) |
– | – | – | |
| 1970 | Nat Young[2] (AUS) |
– | Sharon Webber (USA) |
– | |
| ISF World Surfing Championships | |||||
| 1968 | Fred Hemmings (USA) |
– | – | – | |
| 1966 | Nat Young (AUS) |
– | – | – | |
| 1965 | Felipe Pomar (PER) |
– | – | – | |
| 1964 | Midget Farrelly (AUS) |
– | Phyllis O'Donnell (AUS) |
– | |
ASP World Longboard Tour Champions [edit]
| Year | ASP World Longboard Tour[8][19][20][21] | ASP Women’s World Longboard Tour[8][19][20][21] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Points | Name | Points | |
| 2011 | Taylor Jensen (USA) |
16,000 | Lindsay Steinriede (USA) |
15,200 |
| 2010 | Duane DeSoto (HAW) |
– | Cori Schumacher (USA) |
– |
| 2009 | Harley Ingleby (AUS) |
– | Jennifer Smith[2] (USA) |
– |
| 2008 | Bonga Perkins (HAW) |
– | Joy Monahan (HAW) |
– |
| 2007 |  Phil Rajzman (BRA) |
– | Jennifer Smith (USA) |
– |
| 2006 | Josh Constable (AUS) |
– | Schuyler McFerran (USA) |
– |
| 2004 | Joel Tudor [2] (USA) |
– | – | – |
| 2003 | Beau Young [2] (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 2002 | Colin McPhillips [3] (USA) |
– | – | – |
| 2001 | Colin McPhillips [2] (USA) |
– | – | – |
| 2000 | Beau Young (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 1999 | Colin McPhillips (USA) |
– | – | – |
| 1998 | Joel Tudor (USA) |
– | – | – |
| 1997 | Dino Miranda (HAW) |
– | – | – |
| 1996 | Bonga Perkins (HAW) |
– | – | – |
| 1995 | Rusty Keaulana [3] (HAW) |
– | – | – |
| 1994 | Rusty Keaulana [2] (HAW) |
– | – | – |
| 1993 | Rusty Keaulana (HAW) |
– | – | – |
| 1992 | Joey Hawkins (USA) |
– | – | – |
| 1991 | Martin McMillan (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 1990 | Nat Young [4] (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 1989 | Nat Young [3] (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 1988 | Nat Young [2] (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 1987/88 | Stuart Entwistle (AUS) |
– | – | – |
| 1986/87 | Nat Young (AUS) |
– | – | – |
Multiple World Championships [edit]
| Surfer | Gender | World Tour(WCT) (Men & Women) |
Junior (WJC) (Boys & Girls) |
Longboard (WLT) (Men & Women) |
Masters | Grandmasters | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kelly Slater (USA) |
Male | 11 | - | - | - | - | 11 |
| Layne Beachley (AUS) |
Female | 7 | - | - | - | - | 7 |
| Mark Richards (AUS) |
Male | 5 | - | - | - | 1 | 6 |
| Nat Young (AUS) |
Male | 2 | - | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| Stephanie Gilmore (AUS) |
Female | 5 | - | - | - | - | 5 |
| Lisa Andersen (USA) |
Female | 4 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
  Wendy Botha (RSA) (AUS) |
Female | 4 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Freida Zamba (USA) |
Female | 4 | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Andy Irons (HAW) |
Male | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 |
| Margo Oberg (HAW) |
Female | 3 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Tom Curren (USA) |
Male | 3 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
| Wayne Bartholomew (AUS) |
Male | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | 3 |
| Colin McPhillips (USA) |
Male | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 |
| Rusty Keaulana (HAW) |
Male | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 |
| Gary Elkerton (AUS) |
Male | - | - | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| Lynne Boyer (HAW) |
Female | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Damian Hardman (AUS) |
Male | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Tom Carroll (AUS) |
Male | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Mick Fanning (AUS) |
Male | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Joel Tudor (USA) |
Male | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Beau Young (AUS) |
Male | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Jennifer Smith (USA) |
Female | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Joel Parkinson (AUS) |
Male | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 3 |
| Pablo Paulino (BRA) |
Male | - | 2 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Bonga Perkins (HAW) |
Male | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
Qualifier for list is to hold a minimum of 2 world championship titles across the cateogories.[20]
Calculations include world championship titles outside of the ASP as discussed in Predecessors to the ASP section.
See also [edit]
- 2013 ASP World Tour
- Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast
- Rip Curl Pro
- Billabong Pro Teahupoo
- Quiksilver Pro France
- Billabong Pipeline Masters
- Roxy Pro Gold Coast
- Association of Surfing Professionals Europe
- Association of Surfing Professionals Australasia
References [edit]
- ^ ASP Announces Appointments of New CEO and New Interim Commissioner . Retrieved 20 May 2013.
- ^ Association of Surfing Professionals, Frequently Asked Questions, What is the ASP? . Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ ISA About . Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ ISA World Gold Medalists . Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ Lat34.com Good Waves, Bad Waves, Perfect Waves: A Timeline of the ASP, 16 February 2007 . Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ ASP Member Management System (accessed 28 April 2011)
- ^ Association of Surfing Professionals, Frequently Asked Questions . Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ a b c ASP Rulebook . Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ ASP World Title Ranking (accessed 29 April 2011)
- ^ a b c d ASP Rule Book . Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ Billabong Pro Jeffreys Bay Downgrades from ASP World Title to ASP 6-Star for 2012 (accessed 28 February 2012)
- ^ a b ASP World Tour Champions . Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d e ASP Rule Book 2011 . Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ "Judging Criteria". ASP World Tour. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
- ^ a b c d e f ASP Rule Book 2012
- ^ ASP World Tour Top 16 Statistics: 1976–2009 . Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b ASP Awards Statistics: 1983–2009 . Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ ASP Women's World Tour Top 16 Statistics: 1977–2009 . Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ a b ASP Awards Statistics: 1983–2009 . Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ a b c ASP World Tour Champions . Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- ^ a b Longboard Event Champions
External links [edit]
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