Cavite

Cavite Province Lalawigan ng Kabite Provincia de Cavite
—  Province  —
Province of Cavite
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Historical Capital of the Philippines
Map of the Philippines with Cavite highlighted
Coordinates: 14°16′1″N 120°52′1″E / 14.26694°N 120.86694°E / 14.26694; 120.86694Coordinates: 14°16′1″N 120°52′1″E / 14.26694°N 120.86694°E / 14.26694; 120.86694
Country	Philippines
Region	CALABARZON (Region IV-A)
Founded	March 10, 1872
Capital	Imus (de jure) * Trece Martires (de facto) (seat of government)
Government
• Governor	Jonvic Remulla (Lakas-CMD)
• Vice-Governor	Ramon "Jolo" B. Revilla III (Lakas-CMD)
Area[1]
• Total	1,427.06 km2 (550.99 sq mi)
Area rank	69th out of 80
Highest elevation	716 m (2,349 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	3,090,691
• Rank	1st out of 80
• Density	Bad rounding here2,200/km2 (Bad rounding here5,600/sq mi)
• Density rank	2nd out of 80
Demonym	Caviteños
Divisions
• Independent cities	0
• Component cities	6
• Municipalities	17
• Barangays	829
• Districts	1st to 7th districts of Cavite
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP Code	4106
Spoken languages	Tagalog, Chavacano, English
Website	www.cavite.gov.ph
*) Although Imus is the officially-designated capital and seat of government by P.D. 1163, de facto the provincial government functions from and remains in Trece Martires.

Cavite (Tagalog pronunciation: [kab'i'te], (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Cavite), is a province in the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south. To the west lies the South China Sea.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 2.1 Land area 2.2 Population 2.3 Political subdivisions and legislative districts 2.4 Islands of Cavite 2.5 Topography and slope 2.6 Land resources and distribution 2.7 Water resources 2.8 Soil properties 2.9 Mineral resources and reserves 2.10 Climate 3 History 3.1 World War II 3.2 Governors 4 People and culture 4.1 Religion 4.2 Ethnic Group 4.3 Languages 4.3.1 Chabacano in Cavite 4.4 Culture and traditions 5 Special Events 5.1 Festivals 5.2 Foundation Day 5.3 Birthday of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo 5.4 Independence Day 5.5 Paskuhan sa Imus 5.6 Water Festival or Regada 5.7 Fiesta de la Reina de Cavite 6 Economy 6.1 Agriculture 6.2 Industry and commerce 6.3 Major Shopping Malls 7 Tourism 8 Notable people 9 Elected officials 9.1 House of Representatives 10 Colleges and universities 11 Transportation 11.1 LRT Line 1 South Extension Project 11.2 Ferry services 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

Etymology [edit]

The name "Cavite" comes the Hispanicized form of kawit or it is a corruption of kalawit, Tagalog words for "hook", in reference to the small hook-shaped peninsula jutting into Manila Bay.^[2] The name originally only applied to the peninsula (Cavite La Punta, now Cavite City) and the adjacent lowland coastal area (Cavite Viejo, now Kawit). Cavite City used to serve as the capital of the province until 1954, and as with many other provinces organized during the Spanish colonial era, the name of the capital was applied to the whole province.

Another theory proposes that the name is a Hispanicized form of kabit, Tagalog for "joined", "connected", or "attached", referring to the peninsula's topographical relation to the mainland.^[2]

Geography [edit]

Cavite is located within the Greater Manila Area, not to be confused with adjacent Metro Manila, the defined capital district. The urban influence of the metropolis together with easy accessibility, adequate infrastructure and comparatively fresh natural setting makes the picturesque province an ideal refuge.

Land area [edit]

Cavite is the smallest province in the CALABARZON region. Cavite occupies land area of 1,427.06 square kilometres (550.99 sq mi) which is approximately 8.72 percent of CALABARZON's total land area, 2.74 percent of the regional area and 0.48 per cent of the total land area of the Philippines. The municipalities of Maragondon and Silang have the biggest land areas comprising 165.49 square kilometres (63.90 sq mi) and 156.41 square kilometres (60.39 sq mi) respectively, while the municipality of Noveleta has the smallest land area as indicated by 5.41 square kilometres (2.09 sq mi) or 0.38 percent of the provincial total and area.^[3]

Population [edit]

Cavite has a total population of 3,090,601 according to the 2010 Census, making it the most populous (if independent cities are excluded from Cebu and Negros Occidental), and the second most densely-populated province in the country. The tremendous increase can be observed in the year 1990 when industrialization was introduced in the province. Investors established their businesses in different industrial estates that magnetized people to migrate to Cavite due to job opportunities the province offers. Another factor attributed to the increase of population is the mushrooming of housing subdivisions. Since Cavite is proximate to Metro Manila, people working in the metropolitan area choose to live in the province together with their families. Natural increase also contributes to the increase in population. The population density of the province based on the census of May 1, 2010 is 2,200/km² or 5,600/sq mi.^[4]

Among the cities and municipalities in Cavite, the city of Dasmariñas has the biggest population with 556,330 people while the municipality of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo has registered the smallest population with 17,818 people.

Cavite is classified as predominantly urban having 90.69 percent of the population are concentrated in the urban areas, while 9.21 percent of the population reside in rural areas.

Political subdivisions and legislative districts [edit]

Cavite is subdivided into 17 municipalities and 6 cities:

City	District	No. of Barangays	Population (2010)	Area (km²)	Pop. density (per km²)	City Mayor
Bacoor	II	73	520,216	52.40	9,927.786/km²	Strike B. Revilla
Cavite City	I	84	101,120	10.89	9,285.583/km²	Romeo G. Ramos
Dasmariñas	IV	75	575,817	90.10	6,390.866/km²	Jennifer A. Barzaga
Imus	III	97	301,624	64.70	4,661.886/km²	None
Tagaytay	VII	34	62,030	66.1	938.427/km²	Abraham N. Tolentino
Trece Martires	VI	13	104,559	39.10	2,674.143/km²	Melandres G. de Sagun

Municipality	District	No. of Barangays	Population (2010)	Area (km²)	Pop. density (per km²)	Municipal Mayor
Alfonso	VII	32	48,567	72.60	668.967/km²	Virgilio P. Varias
Amadeo	VI	26	33,457	46.90	713.369/km²	Benjarde A. Villanueva
Carmona	V	14	74,986	30.92	1,863.469/km²	Dahlia A. Loyola
General Emilio Aguinaldo	VII	14	17,507	42.13	415.547/km²	Bienvenido P. Belostrino
General Mariano Alvarez	V	27	138,540	11.40	12,152.632/km²	Leonisa Joana B. Virata
General Trias	VI	33	243,322	81.46	2,987.012/km²	Luis A. Ferrer IV
Indang	VII	36	62,030	74.90	828.171/km²	Bienvenido V. Dimero
Kawit	I	23	78,209	22.86	3,421.216/km²	Reynaldo B. Aguinaldo
Magallanes	VII	16	21,231	73.07	290.557/km²	Edwin B. Sisante
Maragondon	VII	27	35,289	127.04	277.779/km²	Mon Anthony D. Andaman
Mendez	VII	25	28,570	43.27	663.273/km²	Manuel L. Romera
Naic	VII	30	88,144	86.00	1,024.930/km²	Edwina P. Mendoza
Noveleta	I	16	41,678	16.43	2,536.701/km²	Enrico M. Alvarez
Rosario	I	20	92,253	5.67	16,270.370/km²	Jose M. Ricafrente, Jr.
Silang	V	64	213,490	209.4	1,019.532/km²	Clarito A. Poblete
Tanza	VI	41	188,755	78.24	2,412.513/km²	Marcus Ashley C. Arayata
Ternate	VII	10	19,297	54.70	352.779/km²	Lamberto D. Bambao

Islands of Cavite [edit]

1. Balot Island, located at the mouth of Ternate River^[5]
2. Caballo Island
3. Corregidor
4. El Fraile Island
5. Carabao Island
6. La Monja Island, located west of Corregidor
7. Limbones Island, located off Maragondon coast near Batangas border
8. Pulo ni Burunggoy (now Island Cove Resort) located in Bacoor Bay^[6]
9. Santa Amalia Island, located NW of Corregidor^[7]

Topography and slope [edit]

Situated at the entrance of Manila Bay, Cavite is characterized by rolling hinterlands punctuated by hills; shoreland fronting Manila Bay at sea level; and rugged portion at the boundary of Batangas where the Dos Picos mountains are located. The province has two principal rivers and two mountain ranges.

Cavite is divided into four physiographical areas, namely: the lowest lowland area, lowland area, the central hilly area and the upland mountainous area.

• The lowest lowland area is the coastal plain in particular. These areas have extremely low ground level of EL. 0m to EL. 2m compared to the high tide level of about EL. 0.8m from the Mean Sea Level (MSL). These are the cities of Cavite, Bacoor and the municipalities of Kawit, Noveleta, Rosario, northern part of Carmona and eastern part of Ternate.

• The lowland area consists of the coastal and alluvial plains. These areas have flat ground slope of less than 0.5% and low ground elevation of EL. 2m to EL. 30m. The alluvial plain can be found in the city of Imus and southern part of General Trias. Into these municipalities forms the transition area between the coastal plain and the central hilly area. It also covers some areas of Bacoor, Kawit, Noveleta, Rosario, Tanza and Carmona.

• The third topography type is the central hilly area, generally found on the mountain foot slope. It forms the rolling tuffaceous plateau. This topography includes steep hills, ridges and elevated inland valley. The plateau is characterized with ground elevation ranging from 30m to nearly 400m. Its ground slope ranges from 0.5 to 2%. The city of Trece Martires and Dasmariñas and the municipalities of General Emilio Aguinaldo, General Mariano Alvarez, Indang, Maragondon, Ternate, Silang and Carmona have this kind of topography.

• The last topography type is upland mountainous area, found in Magallanes, Amadeo, Tagaytay, Mendez, Alfonso, southern part of Maragondon and Carmona. They are situated at a very high elevation above EL. 400m with slopes of more than 2%.^[8] The Tagaytay ridge has an average elevation of 610 metres (2,000 ft) with Mount Sungay (now Peoples Park in the Sky) at 14°8′31.71″N 121°1′19.02″E / 14.1421417°N 121.0219500°E / 14.1421417; 121.0219500 (Mount Sungay), the highest elevation in the province at 716 metres (2,349 ft).^[9] The mountain was much higher before, topped by rock formations that resembled horns (Sungay in Tagalog) hence the name. Unfortunately, the prominence of the mountain was leveled in half during the construction of Peoples Park in the Sky during the Marcos administration.

Land resources and distribution [edit]

Cavite's land resources are categorized into two: forest lands and alienable and disposable lands. Forest lands are being maintained as they play a great role for the ecological balance of the Province aside from the fact that they are home to numerous flora and fauna that needs to be protected and preserved. Correspondingly, the alienable and disposable lands are the built-up areas as well as production areas. These lands are intended for urban, economic and demographic developments.

Forest Lands

Cavite Province lies in the western monsoon forest zone. This location is very beneficial for the formation of tropical rainforests which are characteristically made through natural vegetation. In 2007, the existing for estarea within the province totalled to 8,624.956 hectares. These forest areas were categorized as Protected Landscape under R.A.7586 otherwise known as National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) and the unclassified forest (Non-N I P A S ) . By virtue of Proclamation Number 1594 on 26 October 1976, a total of 4,000 hectares located in Ternate and Maragondon, Cavite was proclaimed as national park, now known as the Mts. Palay-Palay and Mataas na Gulod Protected Landscape. The park lies in the border of Cavite and Batangas and has three peaks, Palay-Palay, Pico de Loro and Mataas na Gulod. Still, there were five (5) unclassified forests found along Tagaytay Ridge, Maragondon, Magallanes, Ternate and Alfonso . With regards to the records of mountains, seven were named such as Pico de Loro, Mt. Palay-Palay, Mt. Buntis, Mt. Mataas na Gulod, Mt. Nagpatong, Mt. Hulog and Mt. Gonzales.

The richness of Cavite's forest provides the abundance of different forest products. Grass in nature, bamboo, is one of the most available forest products being found in the municipalities of Ternate, Magallanes, Maragondon and General Aguinaldo throughout the year.

Alienable and Disposable Lands

These lands are being used in various ways, either for agriculture, residences, open areas, etc. These actual uses are termed as land-u s e .

Based on the Cavite Provincial Physical Framework Plan 2005-2010, Cavite's alienable and disposable lands are further classified into production lands and built-up areas. Production lands in Cavite are intended for agriculture, fishery and mining. On the other hand, built-up areas are mainly for residential areas, commercial, industrial and tourism areas.

Production Land-Use

Majority of production land-use is into agriculture. Considering that 50.33% of the total provincial land area is engaged into agriculture, it can be generalized that in spite of rapid urbanization in the province, Cavite remains to have an agricultural economy that makes food security attainable. Some of the major crops being produced in the province are rice, corn, coffee, coconuts, cutflowers and vegetables.

Included in the agricultural land use are livestock farms that range from piggeries, poultries, goat farms and cattle farms. The climatic suitability of Cavite makes the province ideal for integrated farming, having crops and livestock rising in one farm.

Fishery is also another major component of the agricultural sector. Having rich marine resources and long coastlines, the province is home to numerous fishery activities . This industry has provided livelihood to many Caviteños. In some lowland and even upland areas, fishery, in the form of fish ponds are also producing considerable amount of fish products. Some areas in Cavite are also engaged in fish processing and production of fish products like fish sauce.

Mining is the third component of production land-use in the province. As of 2009, there are 15 mining and quarrying areas operating in Cavite. Extraction includes filling materials, gravel and sand.

Built-up Areas

The built-up areas are mainly composed of residential and industrial sites. This also includes commercial and business areas where commerce is transpiring. According to the 2007 Census of Population and Housing by the National Statistics Office, there are 611,450 occupied housing units in Cavite.

Moreover, according to the Housing and Land-Use Regulatory Board, there are around 1,224 housing subdivisions with issued license to sell in the province until 2009 which occupies an area of 9,471 hectares.

Meanwhile, the industrial sector also develops rapidly in the Province. For 2009, operational industrial estates cover around 2,939 hectares. Tourism establishments are also considered built-up areas such as golf courses, leisure farms, resorts and the likes.^[8]

Water resources [edit]

Six major rivers are identified in Cavite. Numerous springs, waterfalls and rivers found in the upland areas of the province are observed to be useful for domestic, tourism, and industrial users. The province is also endowed with waterfalls.

The hydrological network of the province is composed of main rivers and tributaries. These rivers and tributaries generally have a flowing direction from the highlands of Tagaytay going to Manila Bay with stretches from the City of Bacoor up to Ternate.

In the lowland areas covering the cities of Bacoor, Imus, Dasmariñas and the towns of General Trias, Naic, Tanza, Ternate, hundreds of artesian wells and deepwells provide water supply for both domestic and irrigation purposes.

Cavite boasts a stretch of about 123 kilometers of shoreline. These can be found along Cavite City, Bacoor, Kawit, Noveleta, Rosario, Tanza, Naic, Maragondon, and Ternate. The richness of Cavite's coastal resources paved the way for our recognition as major producer of oysters and mussels. The fisherfolks are also active producers of sugpo/bangus. On the western coastlines lie the breathtaking beaches with pale gray sand. Thus, basically, coastal resource of the province contributes to the economic activities related to fishery and tourism.^[10]

Soil properties [edit]

Cavite is composed of several soil types according to soil surveys conducted by the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM). Classification of soil types in a specific area is a very important consideration in identifying its most fitted land-use. This way, utmost productivity can be achieved.

The lowland area of Cavite is generally composed of Guadalupe clay and clay loam. It is characterized as coarse and granular when dry but sticky and plastic when wet. Its substratum is solid volcanic tuff. These types of soils are suited to lowland rice and corn while those in the upland are suited for orchard and pasture. Guadalupe clay adobes are abundant in the southern part of Bacoor and Imus bordering Dasmariñas. The soil is hard and compact and difficult to cultivate that makes it generally unsuitable for diverse cropping. It is very sticky when wet and granular when dry. Forage grass is advised for this type of soil. Hydrosol and Obando sand are found along Bacoor Bay. The shoreline of Rosario, Tanza, Naic and Ternate are lined with Guadalupe sand.

The central area principally consists of Magallanes loam with streaks of Magallanes clay loam of sandy texture. This is recommended for diversified farming such as the cultivation of upland rice, corn, sugarcane, vegetables, coconut, coffee, mangoes and other fruit trees. The steep phase should be forested or planted to rootcrops. The eastern side of Cavite consists of Carmona clay loam with streaks of Carmona clay loam steep phase and Carmona sandy clay loam. This type of soil is granular with tuffaceaous material and concretions. It is hard and compact when dry, sticky and plastic when wet. This type of soil is planted to rice with irrigation or sugarcane without irrigation. Fruit trees such as mango, avocado and citrus are also grown in this type of soil. Guingua fine sandy loam is found along the lower part of Malabon and Alang-ilang River at Noveleta.

The type of soils that dominate the upland areas are Tagaytay loam and Tagaytay sandy loam with mountain soil undifferentiated found on the south-eastern side bordering Laguna province. Also on the southern tip are Magallanes clay and Mountain soil undifferentiated with interlacing of Magallanes clay loam steep phase. The Tagaytay loam contains fine sandy materials, moderately friable, and easy to work on when moist. In an undisturbed condition, it bakes and becomes hard when dry. About one-half of this soil type is devoted to upland rice and upland crops. On the other hand, Tagaytay sandy loam is friable and granular with considerable amount of volcanic sand and underlain by adobe clay. Mountain soil undifferentiated is forested with bamboos found in the sea coast. Cavite also has the Patungan sand characterized by pale gray to almost white sand with substratum of marine conglomerates which are found at Sta. Mercedes in Maragondon and in some coastlines of Ternate.^[8]

Mineral resources and reserves [edit]

The greater parts of Cavite are composed of volcanic materials, tuff, cinders, basalt, breccias, agglomerate and interbeddings of shales, and sandstones. The dormant and active volcanoes (Taal) are within these volcanic areas and have been the sources of volcanic materials which form the Tagaytay Cuesta. The drainage systems are deeply entrenched in the tuffs, eroding thin interbedded sandstones and conglomerate rocks which are the sources of little reserves of sand and gravel in the larger stream. Adobe stone quarries also flourish in the tuff areas.

Cavite coastal areas have marl and conglomerate sedimentary rocks and some igneous rocks which are prominent in the high, mountainous regions of western part of the province. Black sands are found in Kawit while Noveleta has its own salt products. Magallanes has gravel deposits while reserves of sand and gravel materials are found in Alfonso, Carmona, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Naic, Ternate, Maragondon and Silang.^[8]

Climate [edit]

Cavite belongs to Type 1 climate based on the Climate Map of the Philippines by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA). Being a Type 1, Cavite has two pronounced seasons – the dry season, which usually begins in November and ends in April, and the rainy season, which starts in May and ends in October. ^[8]

History [edit]

Cavite is named as the Historical Capital of the Philippines. It is the cradle of Philippine Revolution, and the birthplace of Philippine Independence.

Cavite Mutiny
Part of the Philippine revolts against Spain
Date January 20, 1872 Location Fort San Felipe, Cavite, Philippines Result Spanish victory Execution of Gomburza Forced exile of many Philippine liberals to Hong Kong, Marianas and other places. Beginning of Filipino nationalism leading to the Philippine Revolution.
Belligerents
Spain	Filipino workers and military personnel
Commanders and leaders
Felipe Ginoves	Sgt. Ferdinand La Madrid
Strength
One regiment, four cannons	Around 200 soldiers and laborers

Cavite got its name from a Tagalog word kawit (which means hook) owing to the hook-shaped land on the Old Spanish map. The land was formerly known as "Tangway" where Spanish authorities constructed a fort from which the city of Cavite rose. Archeological evidence in coastal areas show prehistorical settlements. According to local folklore, the earliest settlers of Cavite came from Sulu or Borneo. In the 17th century, encomiendas (Spanish Royal land grants) were given in Cavite and Maragondon. Jesuit priests brought in settlers from Mollucas. These settlers, known as "Mardicas", settled in Ternate and Maragondon. Other settlements grew and by the start of the 18th century, Cavite towns were already trading with one another. Traditional industries began to thrive as Manila's commerce grew.

In 1872, Filipinos launched their revolt against Spain. Three Filipino priests—Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora—were implicated in the Cavite mutiny when 200 Filipinos staged a rebellion within Spanish garrisons. On August 28, 1896, when the revolution against Spain broke out, Cavite became a bloody theater of war. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, Caviteños made lightning raids on Spanish headquarters, and soon liberated the entire province. Aguinaldo commanded the Revolution to its successful end: the proclamation of the Republic of the Philippines, on June 12, 1898 in Kawit, the first constitutional republic in Asia, and fourth established overall, after the Lanfang Republic in 1777, Republic of Ezo in 1869 and the Republic of Formosa in 1895.

World War II [edit]

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In 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces entered Cavite, which was long the site of a major US naval base serving the United States Asiatic Fleet.

The military built of founding general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was active in 1942 to 1946 and the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was active again on 1944 to 1946 and stationed in Cavite during the Japanese Occupation.

Battle of Cavite (1942-1945)
Part of World War II
Date 1942–1945 Location Cavite Result Filipino retreat: Japanese forces retreated and captured in Cavite and before the Allied forces liberate Cavite in 1945.
Belligerents
Philippine Commonwealth Philippine Commonwealth Army Various Local Recognized Guerrilla Unit	Empire of Japan Imperial Japanese Army
Strength
376,000 Filipino troops and Caviteño guerrillas	186,000 Japanese troops
Casualties and losses
750 killed 1,500 wounded	1,700 killed 16,000 wounded

From 1942 to 1945, Filipino soldiers of the 4th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 45th and 46th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army repeatedly entered the provinces in Cavite with the recognized guerrillas of the Cavite Guerrilla Forces and the Filipino-American Cavite Guerrilla Forces (FACGF) under Colonel Mariano Castañeda of the Philippine Constabulary to attack the occupying Japanese troops as the Filipinos attempted to recapture Cavite. After the initial conflict insurgencies persisted in Cavite in 1944 supported by local Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army units and Caviteňo resistance. Before the liberation in Cavite in 1945 by joint U.S. and Filipino soldiers and aiding the Caviteño resistance groups was liberated the clearing province and defeats Japanese.

Battle of Cavite (1945)
Part of World War II
Date 1945 Location Cavite Result Allied Victory
Belligerents
Philippine Commonwealth Philippine Commonwealth Army Philippine Constabulary Various Local Recognized Guerrilla Unit United States United States Army United States Navy United States Army Air Forces	Empire of Japan Imperial Japanese Army
Strength
264,000 Filipino troops 34,000 Caviteño guerrillas 45,000 American troops	170,000 Japanese troops
Casualties and losses
5,521 killed 34,200 wounded	24,000 killed 62,000 wounded 16,000 captured

In January to August 1945, combined Filipino & American troops along with the Caviteño guerrilla fighters liberated in Cavite from the Japanese forces begins the Battle for the Liberation of Cavite at the end of World War II.

Governors [edit]

• Mariano Trías (July 15, 1898 to August 10, 1898)
• Emiliano Riego De Dios (August 10, 1898 to October 7, 1898)
• Ladislao Diwa (October 7, 1898–1901)
• Mariano Trías (1901–1905)
• Louis J. Van Schaick (1905–1907)
• Leonardo R. Osorio (1908–1909)
• Tomás Mascardo (1910–1912)
• Antero S. Soriano (1912–1919)
• Luis O. Ferrer, Sr. (1919–1921)
• Raymundo C. Jeciel (1922–1925)
• Fabian Pugeda (1925–1931)
• Pedro F. Espiritu (1931–1934)
• Ramon Samonte (1935–1940)
• Emilio F. Virata - Acting Governor
• Luis Y. Ferrer, Jr. (1940–1944)
• Mariano N. Castañeda (1944)
• Dominador M. Camerino (1944–1945)
• Mariano N. Castañeda - Acting Governor
• Rafael F. Trias (1945)
• Francisco T. Arca (1945)
• Dominador M. Camerino (1946–1954)
• Mariano B. Villanueva - Acting Governor
• Horacio Rodriguez - Acting Governor
• Dominador Mangubat - Acting Governor
• Delfin N. Montano (1956–1971)
• Lino D. Bocalan (1972)
• Dominador M. Camerino - Acting Governor
• Juanito R. Remulla (Declared, September 24, 1979)
• Juanito R. Remulla (January 30, 1980 to February 19, 1986)
• Fernando C. Campos (1986–1987)
• Juanito R. Remulla (1987–1995)
• Epimaco A. Velasco (1995 to January 1998)
• Ramon "Bong" Revilla, Jr. (1998–2001)
• Erineo S. Maliksi (2001 - 2010)
• Juanito Victor C. Remulla, Jr. (2010 - present)

People and culture [edit]

Religion [edit]

In line with national statistics, the majority (70%) of the population are Roman Catholic while adherents of the Aglipayan Church account for 20% and the Iglesia ni Cristo account for 4% of the population. Other Christian sects and Muslims comprise the remainder. However, the strong presence of the Christian Churches such as the mainline Evangelical Churches (UNIDA, IEMELIF, Methodist, UCCP, Baptist and Assemblies Of God), Christian Fellowships (Jesus Is Lord, Bread of Life, Christ's Commission Fellowship, Jesus Christ Spreading the Good News), and other Christian Churches such as the United Pentecostal Churches and numerous Oneness groups, have increased the population of the other Christian Churches. This may now account for about 5% of the total Cavite population.

Ethnic Group [edit]

Caviteño. A Chavacano community ( family of Spanish-based ). Chavacano is a Spanish-based creole language and known in linguistics as Philippine Creole Spanish. Initially, and as a means to express themselves, native speakers mixed Spanish with their respective dialect: Tagalog in Cavite.

Now used almost exclusively in Cavite City and coastal Ternate, Cavite Chabacano enjoyed its widest diffusion and greatest splendor in Spanish and American period of Filipino history, when newspapers and literary outputs flourished. During the Spanish regime, it was prevalent for Spaniards, both peninsulares and insulares, to use the creole in their negotiations with the townfolk. Cavite Chabacano was spoken with relative ease because it was essentially a simplification of Castillan morphology patterned after Tagalog syntax. Gradually and naturally, it acquired the sounds present in the Spanish phonological system, which had the authocthonous phonetics as core. After World War II, creole Spanish speakers within the capitol of the archipelago vanished.^[11]

Languages [edit]

The main languages spoken are Tagalog, Chabacano and English. Chabacano, sometimes spelled as Chavacano, is a creole originally spoken by majority of the Caviteños that lived in Cavite City and Ternate after the arrival of the Spaniards three centuries ago. Around 30000 Caviteños speak Chabacano.

Due to Cavite's proximity to Metro Manila a large number of people migrated from farther provinces, resulting in a significant usage of Bikol, Cebuano and Ilokano.

Chabacano in Cavite [edit]

The various dialects of Chabacano were formed out of necessity, like all languages, though scholars and laypersons disagree about exactly when and where it all began. Most believe that the seeds of the earliest form of Chabacano were planted in Cavite when many ethnic groups from throughout the Philippines and Christian Malays from Ternate in the Spice Islands (now a part of Indonesia) were brought together in 1574 to help defend Manila against an expected attack from the forces of the Chinese pirate, Limahong. The various language groups working at the Cavite naval base needed a way to communicate with each other and with the soldiers who were barking the orders in less-than-genteel Spanish. It was from this situation that Chabacano began as a simplified form of Spanish – a pidgin language that later developed into a mixed, or creole language. The fact that the first Chabacanos learned their Spanish from the coarse language of soldiers is probably why they were called Chabacanos in the first place.

However, some historians disagree with parts of this story and say that Chabacano did not emerge until almost a century later when Catholic Malays settled in Cavite after the Spaniards had abandoned the Spice Islands to the Dutch in 1662. These Malays, known as the Mardicas (likely from the Malay word merdeka meaning "free"), settled in the town that now shares the name of their original homeland, Ternate. They joined with many other language groups to defend Manila from yet another Chinese warlord, Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong).^[12]

Culture and traditions [edit]

Caviteños are very proud of their majestic and interesting culture and traditions. Aside from the celebrations of town fiestas, the province of Cavite celebrates festivals as forms of thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest and in honor of its patron saints. Some of these festivals are also observed in honor of the historical legacies passed from one generation to another generation. In fact, the province fetes the renowned Kalayaan Festival which is given a great social importance in commemoration of the heroism of its people. The annual "Fiesta de la Reina del Provincia de Cavite is a grandiose fiesta celebration in honor of the patroness of the province, the Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga. The image is enshrined at San Roque Church in Cavite City. Her feastday is celebrated every 2nd and 3rd Sunday of November.

The province has very rich culture, traditions and fiesta celebrations such as Mardicas which is a war dance held in Ternate town and Karakol or street dancing with a fluvial procession which is usually held in coastal towns. There is also a pre-colonial ritual called the Sanghiyang as a form of thanksgiving and to heal the sick. Another cultural tradition is the Live via Crucis or Kalbaryo ni Hesus which is being done during Holy Week and Maytinis or word prayer that is annually held in Kawit every December 24 just before the beginning of the midnight Mass.

Cavite proudly stands as a place with a glorious past. Its warm and friendly people, whose ancestors came down with a noble cause, manifest industry and patience in various skills and professions, openly receptive to the entry and exchange of culture and technology that are of value to the province.

Special Events [edit]

Festivals [edit]

Event	Location	Description
Kalayaan Festival	Provincewide	It is a 2 week-long province wide event held annually from May 28 to June 12. As its name suggests, the series of events for the festival are held to celebrate the independence day season.
Regada Festival	Cavite City	Also called the "Water Festival", the festival consists of games, street dancing, photo exhibit, trade fair, concert and water splashing. The festival is done three days from June 22–24 done in celebration of St. John the Baptist.
Sorteo ng Bukid	Carmona	Local festival held every three years of February to relive the old practice of distributing agricultural lots to deserving farmers through raffle draws.
Sumilang Festival	Silang	Recognized as an agriculture event. The occasion is participated in by dancers who come from agricultural sector. Every 1st to 3th day of February in celebration of the feast of Our Lady of Candelaria
Kawayan Festival	Maragondon	Held every 7th day of September wherein a group of street dancers parade in indigenous materials. An exhibit of bamboo products likewise done in the town plaza.
Pahimis Festival	Amadeo	Also Called the "Coffee Festival" as way of thanksgiving for abundant harvest of coffee in the municipality. Trade fair, street dancing, beauty pageant, coffee convention are the usual activities done during the occasion. Free flowing drinking of coffee is offered to everybody. Celebrates every 2nd week of February
Wagayway Festival	Imus	Every 28th day of May, household display of Philippine flag is encouraged during the festival, and simultaneous waving of flags in the streets of Cavite. Different activities such as exhibits, trade fair, product displays are held.
Kakanindayog Festival	Imus	The festival is celebrated to promote the native kakanin & other delicacies which the city is well known for such as Puto Lansong. Celebrates every month of October in honor of the city's patroness Nuestra Señora del Pilar and the founding anniversary of the city through street dancing and the traditional "Karakol" procession.
Fiesta dela Reina de Caracol	Rosario	Held every 3rd weekend of May and 1st weekend of October, The town celebrates the feast of the town patroness Nuestra Señora Virgen del Santissimo Rosario, Reina de Caracol and the celebration starts by the traditional Caracol or "Karakol", Karakol started in the town of Rosario, and years passed it spread to the whole province, the karakol has 2 major parts, the "karakol del Mar" or fluvial procession and the "karakol de la Tierra" or Caracol sa lupa, its starts in the church and ends in the church.
Tinapa Festival	Rosario	The festival is celebrated to promote and perpetuate the image of Rosario as the place where smoked fish called "Tinapang Salinas" originates. Celebrates every month of October in honor of the town's patroness Nuestra Señora del Santissimo Rosario Reina de Caracol.
Irok Festival	Amadeo	Done during the celebration of Indang Day. Float parade, street dancing, sports activities, lantern contest made out of irok leaves and a grand parade are held in the town plaza. Celebrate's every November 30 to December 2.
Sapyaw Festival	Tanza	Street dancing are done all over the streets of the municipality with their attractive and very colorful costumes. Various barangays join the dancing in honor of the feast of St. Augustine. Every 20th day of August.
Mardicas	Ternate	Fluvial parades carrying the image of Sto. Niño are held and continue in the streets of the municipality and ends in the churchyard. Karakol and street dancing in beautiful and colourful costumes with brass band music. Every 3rd weekend of January.
Hijas de Maria	General Trias	A month long celebration held in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Church is decorated with beautiful flowers. Every month of May.
Tahong Festival	Bacoor	Different cuisines with tahong as main ingredient are on exhibit at the town plaza. Culinary contest are held annually. Various activities are done such as beauty contest. Tahong symposium and seminars are held for culture of Tahong. Every 29th day of September
Marching Band Festival	Bacoor	To promote the musical heritage of the city & boost tourism through its number of marching bands around the country. Celebrated every 2nd weekend of May in honor of St. Michael the Archangel & Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary.
Maytinis	Kawit	Re-enactment of Christ's birth on midnight of December 24 through a procession of colorful floats & costumes.
Pista ng mga Puso Festival	Tagaytay City	Festival held annually on Valentine's Day in honor of the city's patroness Our Lady of Lourdes. There are Karakol dancers parading and marching all over the city.
Silang Prutas Festival	Silang	Celebration and thanksgiving for bountiful fruits harvested in the said municipality. Activities includes street dancing, trade fair and culinary contest with fruits as the main source of income. Celebrates every February 2 in honor of the town's patroness Our Lady of Candelaria.
Kabitenyo Festival	General Mariano Alvarez	Celebration and thanksgiving for bountiful mushrooms. Activities includes street dancing, trade fair and culinary contest with mushroom as main ingredients. Every 13th day of March

Foundation Day [edit]

Cavite Province celebrates its foundation every March 10

Birthday of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo [edit]

This is celebrated every March 22 in commemoration of the birth of the First President of the Republic.

Independence Day [edit]

This is celebrated every June 12 in Kawit as a re-enactment of the historic proclamation of Philippine independence at the mansion of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo.

Paskuhan sa Imus [edit]

A month-long festival of Christmas holiday. The city of Imus is bathed in thousands of lights, a dazzling array of lanterns of all shapes and a food fair featuring the best of Cavite products.

Water Festival or Regada [edit]

This is celebrated every June 24 in honor of Saint John the Baptist; sprinklers are installed at the city's main streets so that revelers get a different kind of shower. celebrated in Cavite City

Fiesta de la Reina de Cavite [edit]

This is celebrated every 2nd and third Sunday of November in honor of Cavite's Patroness, Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga, also known as Cavite City fiesta. According to Prof.Genoveva Edroza Matute, a writer in Filipino, stated that the grandiose celebration of the fiesta of San Diego in Rizal's Noli Me Tángere was actually based on the fiesta celebration of Cavite. This miraculous icon of the Virgin of Solitude was canonically crowned on 17 November 1978 by Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines Most Rev. Bruno Torpigliani, DD, notably during the reign of Pope John Paul II. She was the first Philippine Marian image crowned during his Pontificate. Her image is enshrined in Cavite City.

Economy [edit]

Cavite is one of the most industrialized and one of the fastest growing provinces in the country due to its close proximity to Metro Manila. Many companies, such as Intel, have established manufacturing plants in numerous industrial parks in the province.

As of 2003, there are thirty-one (31) industrial estates in the province. A total of 973 investors have poured their investments in the 718 existing industrial establishments. Most of the investors have established partnership with their Filipino counterparts in varying levels of equity participation.

Since the 1990s when the provincial government launched the Second Revolution with industrialization as one of its priority thrusts, Cavite has become a preferred destination of both local and foreign investors. Rapid urbanization has transformed Cavite into an industrial and commercial area in CALABARZON.

Agriculture [edit]

Cavite is predominantly an agriculture province. Cavite's economy is largely dependent to agriculture. Despite urbanization and industrialization, still, a significant number of Caviteños are engaged into agribusinesses. Data gathered from Office of the Provincial Agriculturist shows that though the province lies in the industrial belt, the agricultural land is about 49.38 percent or 70,466.53 hectares of the total land area of the Province. This is 1,176.5 hectares bigger than that of the declared agricultural lands in 2008 (69,290.03 hectares).

The municipality of Maragondon has the biggest area intended for agriculture, accounts for 14.57% of the total provincial agricultural lands while Cavite City has no longer available land for agriculture related activities and industries. If based on total agricultural lands, we may say that the major players in agriculture in the Province are Maragondon, Silang, Indang, Naic and Alfonso. Of the seven districts in the province, the top three with the widest agricultural area are District VII comprising 43,587.01 hectares or 61.85 percent of the total agricultural areas with 27,115 farmers followed by District VI with 17.40 percent or 12,257.71 hectares having 8,701 farmers and District V comprising 10,248.55 hectares with 10,295 farmers. The municipality of Silang has the most number of farmers. The municipality of Maragondon only ranks 3rd in terms of number of farmers. This can be attributed to highly mechanized operation and vast plantation of rice. The same is true with Gen. Trias and Naic, known as the rice producing municipalities in Cavite. The number of farmers increased by 6.5% that corresponds to around 3,097 farmers. The increase in the number of farmers was due to worldwide recession which led to work displacement of some Caviteños. Silang is dominated by pineapple and coffee plantations as well as with cutflower production.^[13]

Industry and commerce [edit]

Cavite has twelve (12) economic zones. The largest economic zone under development is located in Gen. Trias, the PEC Industrial Park with 177 hectares intended for garments, textiles, semiconductors, food processing and pharmaceuticals.^[13]

Major Shopping Malls [edit]

• SM City Bacoor
• SM City Dasmariñas
• SM City Rosario
• SM Center Molino
• Robinsons Place Dasmariñas
• Robinsons Place Imus
• The District (an Ayala Mall in Imus)
• SM Marketmall Dasmariñas

Tourism [edit]

Cavite is a historic, picturesque and scenic province providing a place conducive to both business and leisure.

Tagaytay serves as the main tourist center. Historical attraction and sites are Fort San Felipe and Sangley Point, both in Cavite City; Corregidor Island; General Trias; Calero Bridge, Noveleta; Battle of Alapan Marker and Flag in Imus; Zapote Bridge in Bacoor; Battle of Binakayan Monument in Kawit; Tejeros Convention Site in Rosario; and Aguinaldo Shrine, the site of the declaration of Philippine Independence in Kawit. Several old churches stand as glorious reminders of how the Catholic faith has blossomed in the Province of Cavite. Existing museums include Geronimo de los Reyes Museum, General Trias; Museo De La Salle, Dasmariñas; Philippine Navy Museum, Cavite City; Baldomero Aguinaldo Museum, Kawit; and Cavite City Library Museum, Cavite City. There are eight (8) world-class golf courses in the province. Natural wonders are mostly found in the upland areas such as Tagaytay Ridge, Macabag Cave in Maragondon, Balite Falls in Amadeo, Malibiclibic Falls in General Aguinaldo-Magallanes border, Mts. Palay-Palay and Mataas na Gulod National Park in Ternate and Maragondon, Sitio Buhay Unclassified Forest in Magallanes and flowers, vegetables and coffee farms.

The Aguinaldo Shrine and Museum in Kawit is where the independence of the Philippines was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 by General Aguinaldo, the Philippines’ first president.

The Andrés Bonifacio House in General Trias is the former home of the country's revolutionary leader The site of his court martial in Maragondon is also preserved. Other historical sites include the Battle of Alapan and Battle of Julian Bridge Markers, the House of Tirona, and Fort San Felipe.

The main churches of the province are the Imus Cathedral, San Roque Parish in Cavite City where the miraculous image of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga enshrined., Bacoor, Silang, Naic, Tanza, Ternate, Indang, General Trias, Kawit and Maragondon Catholic Churches. The Shrines of Our Lady of La Salette in Silang, and St. Anne, Tagaytay, also attract pilgrims.

Corregidor is an island fortress where Filipino and American forces fought against the Japanese invaders in 1942. It has become a tourist attraction with tunnels, cannons and other war structures still well-preserved. The famous line of General Douglas McArthur said is associated with Corregidor: "I shall return!"

There are first class hotels, inns and lodging houses to accommodate both foreign and local tourists. Conference facilities can be found in several convention centers, hotels and resorts in the province. Restaurants and specialty dining places offer mushroom dishes, native delicacies and exotic cuisines. Seafoods, fruits, coffee, organic vegetables, tinapa, handicrafts, ornamental plants also abound in the province.

There are twenty-two (22) accredited tourism establishments and three (3) accredited tour guides. There are also tour packages being arranged with the Department of Tourism. Centuries old traditions and the very rich culture of Cavite have been the source of great pride to Caviteños.

Notable people [edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012)

Elected officials [edit]

Governor: Juanito Victor C. Remulla, Jr. (Nacionalista)

Vice-Governor: Recto M. Cantimbuhan (Liberal)

Board Members:

1st District:

• Dino Carlo R. Chua
• Ryan R. Enriquez

2nd District:

• Edwin E. Malvar
• Rolando S. Remulla

3rd District:

• Larry Boy S. Nato
• Rodrigo P. Arguelles, Sr.

4th District:

• Raul Rex D. Mangubat
• Teofilo B. Lara

5th District:

• Marcos C. Amutan
• Aristides Jose V D. Velazco

6th District:

• Hermogones C. Arayata III
• Albert G. Ambagan, Jr.

7th District:

• Virgilio T. Ambion
• Irene D. Bencito

Liga ng mga Barangay:

• Ramon "Jolo" B. Revilla III

Cavite Councilor League:

• Maurito "Morit" C. Sison

SK Federation:

• Meldon G. de Sagun

House of Representatives [edit]

1st District: Joseph Emilio A. Abaya (Liberal)

2nd District: Jesusa Victoria H. Bautista (Lakas Kampi)

3rd District: Erineo S. Maliksi (Liberal)

4th District: Elpidio F. Barzaga, Jr. (National Unity)

5th District: Atty. Roy M. Loyola (Liberal)

6th District: Antonio A. Ferrer (National Unity)

7th District: Jesus Crispin C. Remulla (Nacionalista)

Colleges and universities [edit]

Transportation [edit]

Cavite's total road network comprises roughly 1,973 kilometers. 407.7 kilometers national roads are mostly paved with concrete or asphalt and are relatively in good condition with some portions in need of rehabilitation. Provincial roads made stretch to an approximate total length of 335.1 kilometers. Most of these roads are concrete, some are paved with asphalt and the rest remain gravel roads. Majority of the municipal/city roads are paved with concrete, while barangay roads consist of 46.7% concrete and asphalt roads and 53.3% earth and gravel roads.

There are three main highways transversing through the province: the Aguinaldo Highway that runs in a general north-south direction; the Governor's Drive the runs in a general east-west direction and the A. Soriano Highway that runs within the coastal towns on the west. The existing road length computed in terms of road density with respect to population at the standard of 2.4 kilometers per 1,000 population has a deficit of 3,532.71 kilometers.

In 2011, the Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) was opened, which lessened the heavy volume of vehicles passing in Aguinaldo Highway in Bacoor. This project lessened the traffic in Aguinaldo Highway in Bacoor, so travel time from Imus to Baclaran/Pasay now only takes one hour of travel.

LRT Line 1 South Extension Project [edit]

The LRT Line 1 South Extension Project, through southern Metro Manila to the Province of Cavite has been identified as an integral link of the Rail Transit Network by Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS). It is one of the priority projects of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and LRTA. It is also a flagship project of the Office of the President.

The project aims to expand the existing LRT Line 1 service southward to the cities of Parañaque and Las Piñas and the adjoining the cities of Dasmariñas, Bacoor, Imus in the Cavite Province. The 27-km route of the light railway system was planned to carry a capacity of 40,000 passengers per direction per hour. The extension will have 48 air-conditioned coaches, 12-four car trains, 10 passenger stations and a satellite depot in Cavite. The first phase of the project will serve approximately 1.9 million commuters based in Pasay, Paranaque, Las Pinas and Bacoor. The second phase of the project will include an 11-kilometer extension to commuters based in Imus and Dasmariñas.

Ferry services [edit]

Cavite City to SM Mall of Asia in Pasay.

See also [edit]

• Cavite Navy Yard
• Cavite Peninsula
• Cavite Mutiny
• Cavite State University
• CAVITEX
• Roman Catholic Diocese of Imus

References [edit]

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cavite

• Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cavite
• 2010 Philippine Census Information
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cavite". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

	Bataan / Manila Bay	Manila Bay	Metro Manila
	South China Sea		Laguna
		Cavite
		Batangas

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