Gene Roddenberry

Gene Roddenberry
Roddenberry in 1976
Born	Eugene Wesley Roddenberry (1921-08-19)August 19, 1921 El Paso, Texas, U.S.
Died	October 24, 1991(1991-10-24) (aged 70) Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Cause of death	Heart failure
Residence	Bel Air, Los Angeles, California
Nationality	American
Other names	Robert Wesley
Education	Franklin High School
Alma mater	Los Angeles City College
Occupation	Television writer, producer and futurist
Notable work(s)	Star Trek, Star Trek: The Next Generation
Home town	Los Angeles, California
Spouse(s)	Eileen-Anita Rexroat (1942–69) Majel Barrett (1969–his death, 1991)
Children	2 daughters Rod Roddenberry

Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991) was an American television screenwriter, producer and futurist. He is best known for creating the original Star Trek television series and thus the Star Trek science fiction franchise. Born in El Paso, Texas, Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, California where his father worked as a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89 combat missions in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, and worked as a commercial pilot after the war. Later he followed in his father's footsteps and joined the Los Angeles Police Department to provide for his family, but began to focus on writing scripts for television.

As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts for Highway Patrol, Have Gun–Will Travel and other series, before creating and producing his own television series The Lieutenant. In 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being canceled. Syndication of Star Trek led to increasing popularity, and Roddenberry continued to create, produce and consult on the Star Trek films and the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation until his death. In 1985 he became the first TV writer with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame^[1]:110 and he was later inducted by both the Science Fiction Hall of Fame^[2] and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Years after his death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his ashes "buried" in outer space.

The Star Trek franchise created by Roddenberry has produced story material for almost five decades; resulting in six television series consisting of 726 episodes, and twelve feature films.

Additionally, the popularity of the Star Trek universe and films inspired the parody/homage/cult film Galaxy Quest in 1999, as well as many books, video games and fan films set in the various "eras" of the Star Trek universe.

Early life (1921–1941) [edit]

Gene Roddenberry was born on August 19, 1921, in El Paso, Texas.^[3] His parents were police officer Eugene Edward Roddenberry and Caroline "Glen" (née Golemon) Roddenberry.^[4] He grew up in Los Angeles and attended Berendo Junior High School (now Berendo Middle School), before graduating from Franklin High School in the winter of 1939; he subsequently entered Los Angeles City College that February.

Although Roddenberry ranked at or above the ninetieth percentile in an intelligence test administered as part of his college entrance examination, he elected to "[stay] true to his roots" and major in the "solidly blue collar" police science curriculum; as president of the school's Police Club, he liaised with the Federal Bureau of Investigation.^[5] He also developed an interest in aeronautical engineering and obtained a pilot's license through the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training program.^[6] He graduated from Los Angeles City College with an Associate of Arts degree in police science in 1941, becoming the first member of his family to earn a college degree.^[7]

Military service and civil aviation (1941–1949) [edit]

In 1941, he joined the United States Army Air Corps, which in the same year became the United States Army Air Forces. He began training at Goodfellow Field (now Goodfellow Air Force Base) in San Angelo, Texas with other Civilian Pilot Training alums and graduated as a second lieutenant in September 1942, Class G.^[8] He flew combat missions in the Pacific Theatre with the "Bomber Barons" of the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th Bombardment Group of the Thirteenth Air Force and on August 2, 1943, Roddenberry was piloting a B-17E Flying Fortress named the "Yankee Doodle", from Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, when mechanical failure caused it to crash on take-off. In total, he flew eighty-nine missions for which he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal before being honorably discharged at the rank of captain in July 1945.^[9][10][11] While working on Star Trek, Roddenberry would spend much of his spare time at California's Monterey Peninsula Airport with a group of aviation enthusiasts who flew World War II fighters.

After the military, Roddenberry worked as a commercial pilot for Pan American World Airways. He received a Civil Aeronautics commendation for his rescue efforts following a June 1947 crash in the Syrian desert while on a flight to Istanbul from Karachi. While based out of Miami, Roddenberry enrolled in three writing classes at the University of Miami, from which he withdrew with passing grades following his transfer to New York City in November 1945. During his New York-area sojourn, the Roddenberrys lived in Jamaica, Queens and River Edge, New Jersey. He briefly continued his education, taking four writing courses offered by the Columbia University School of General Studies in the spring and fall of 1946 before withdrawing due to the demands of his employment in January 1947.

Los Angeles Police Department (1949–1956) [edit]

Gene Roddenberry
Los Angeles Police Department
(1921-08-19)August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991(1991-10-24) (aged 70)
Place of birth	El Paso, Texas
Service branch	United States
Years of service	1949–1956
Rank	Sworn in as an Officer – 1949; Police Officer III – 1951; Sergeant I – 1953.
Relations	Eileen-Anita Rexroat (wife)
Other work	LAPD speechwriter, screenwriter, dramatist, television producer, creator of Star Trek

Pursuing a career in Hollywood, Roddenberry left Pan Am in 1949 and returned to Los Angeles. To provide for his family, he joined the Los Angeles Police Department on February 1, 1949. He became a police officer III in 1951 and was made a Sergeant in 1953.^[12] Toward the end of his Law enforcement career as a sergeant he became the speech writer for legendary LAPD Chief William H. Parker. He reputedly based his iconic Star Trek character Mr. Spock on Parker for his very rational and low emotional behavior.^[13] On June 7, 1956, he resigned from the police force to concentrate on his writing career.^[14] In his brief letter of resignation, Roddenberry wrote:

I find myself unable to support my family at present on anticipated police salary levels in a manner we consider necessary. Having spent slightly more than seven years on this job, during all of which fair treatment and enjoyable working conditions were received, this decision is made with considerable and genuine regret.^[14]

Career [edit]

Early [edit]

While Roddenberry worked for the LAPD, he wrote television scripts under the pseudonym "Robert Wesley" for the series Highway Patrol and both the TV and radio versions of Have Gun–Will Travel. In 1957, he wrote an episode for the Boots and Saddles western series entitled "The Prussian Farmer". In 1960, he wrote four episodes of the British (ITC Entertainment) made Australian western Whiplash.

Eventually, Roddenberry's dissatisfaction with his work as a freelance writer led him to produce his own television program. He came up with many story ideas and other concepts for his new television series that ultimately went unused, among them were Night Stick, Defiance County and The Long Hunt of April Savage; meanwhile, his first attempt, APO 923, was not picked up by the networks, but in 1963, he created and produced The Lieutenant, which lasted for a single season and was set inside the United States Marine Corps with Nichelle Nichols starring in the first episode.

Star Trek [edit]

Gene Roddenberry (third from the right) in 1976 with most of the cast of Star Trek at the rollout of the Space Shuttle Enterprise at the Rockwell International plant at Palmdale, California, USA

Roddenberry developed Star Trek in 1964, as a combination of the two science-fiction series Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon. He sold the project as a "Wagon Train to the Stars", and it was picked up by Desilu Studios. The first TV pilot went over its budget and garnered only modest approval from NBC. Nevertheless, the network commissioned a second pilot, which was unprecedented. The series premiered on September 8, 1966, and ran for three seasons, but began to receive low ratings. During the final season, Roddenberry left active involvement (retaining his executive producer title in name only) when the network reneged on its promise for a more desirable time slot. In 1970, Paramount agreed to sell him all rights to Star Trek, but Roddenberry could not afford the $150,000 price ($887,000 today).^[15]:220

Brannon Braga has said that Roddenberry made it known to the writers of Star Trek and Star Trek: The Next Generation that religion and mystical thinking were not to be included, and that in Roddenberry's vision of Earth's future, everyone was an atheist and better for it.^[16] He stubbornly resisted the effort of network execs to put a Christian chaplain on the crew of the Enterprise. It would be ludicrous, he argued, to pretend that all other religions would have become obliterated by this point, or that such a cosmopolitan people would impose one group's religion on all the rest of the crew.^[17]

The series went on to gain popularity through syndication.^[18]

Other television work [edit]

Aside from Star Trek, Roddenberry produced Pretty Maids All in a Row, a sexploitation film adapted from the novel written by Francis Pollini and directed by Roger Vadim. The cast included Rock Hudson, Angie Dickinson, Telly Savalas and Roddy McDowall alongside Star Trek regular James Doohan and William Campbell (who appeared as a guest in two Star Trek episodes). It also featured Gretchen Burrell, the wife of country-rock pioneer Gram Parsons. Despite Roddenberry's expectations, the film was not a success.

In the early 1970s, Roddenberry pitched pilots for three sci-fi television series concepts, although none were developed as series: The Questor Tapes; Spectre and Genesis II. ABC asked to see another television movie using the characters from Genesis II, but with more action, and Roddenberry produced Planet Earth. However, he was not involved in a third television movie, Strange New World, which used some of the characters and situations from Planet Earth, but with a different original story.

After Star Trek, Roddenberry said later, he was "perceived as the guy who made the show that was an expensive flop and I couldn't get work".^[1]:113 At one time he feared that he would be unable to provide for his family, as he was unable to find work in the television and film industry and was facing possible bankruptcy.^{[citation needed]}

Star Trek revival [edit]

Beginning in 1975, the go-ahead was given by Paramount for Roddenberry to develop a new Star Trek television series, with many of the original cast to be included. It was originally called Phase II. This series was the anchor show of a new network (the ancestor of UPN, which later became part of The CW Television Network), but plans by Paramount for this network were scrapped and the project was reworked into a feature film. The result, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, received a lukewarm critical response, but was a hit at the box office – adjusted for inflation it was the second-highest-grossing of all Star Trek movies, with the 2009 film coming in first.^[19]

When asked to produce a sequel to the first movie, Roddenberry submitted a story of a time-traveling Enterprise crew involved in the John F. Kennedy assassination.^{[citation needed]} It was rejected and he was removed as executive producer, replaced by Harve Bennett.^[20] He continued as executive consultant for the next five films: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan; Star Trek III: The Search for Spock; Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home; Star Trek V: The Final Frontier; and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. Star Trek VI was the last film with the cast of the original Star Trek series and was dedicated to Roddenberry. He reportedly viewed an early version of the film a few days before his death.^[20]

Roddenberry was deeply involved in creating and producing Star Trek: The Next Generation. His participation greatly decreased after the first season but his diminished role was not disclosed because of the value of his name to fans. Indeed, he was not actively involved in subsequent spin-offs but every episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, and Star Trek: Enterprise continued to credit him as the creator.^[1]:114

In addition to his film and television work, Roddenberry wrote the novelization of the film Star Trek: The Motion Picture, published by Pocket Books under the same name in 1979, "based on the screenplay by Harold Livingston and the story by Alan Dean Foster."^[21] As Star Trek Pocket Books #1^[21] it was the first of hundreds of Star Trek-based novels to be published by the Pocket Books imprint of Simon & Schuster, whose parent company also owned Paramount Pictures Corporation. (Perhaps because Foster wrote the original treatment for the film, there was^[who?] a rumor that Foster was the ghostwriter of the novel. This has been debunked by Foster on his personal web site. Foster did, however, ghostwrite the novelization of George Lucas's Star Wars.) Roddenberry talked of writing a second Star Trek Pocket Book novel (The God Thing)^[21] based on his rejected 1975 script of the JFK assassination plot, but he died before he was able to do so.^[22]

Roddenberry reportedly expressed opinions on what should be considered canonical fiction in the Star Trek universe, even toward the end of his life. In particular, claims have been made about his opinions of the places of films Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, and Star Trek: The Animated Series in Star Trek canon.

Star Trek is a rare instance of a television series gaining substantially in popularity and cultural currency long after cancellation (see main article, Cultural influence of Star Trek).

Rights disputes [edit]

There has been some contention over the years regarding proper attribution of artistic credit and assignment of royalties related to the show. A few writers and other production staff for the series have said that ideas they developed were later claimed by Roddenberry as his own, or that Roddenberry discounted their contributions and involvement. Roddenberry was confronted by some of these people, and he apologized to them; but according to at least one critic, he continued to claim undue credit.^[23]

Star Trek theme music composer Alexander Courage long harbored resentment of Roddenberry's attachment of lyrics to his composition. By union rules, this resulted in the two men splitting the music royalties payable whenever an episode of Star Trek aired, which otherwise would have gone to Courage in full.^[24] (The lyrics were never used on the show, but were performed by Nichelle Nichols on her 1991 album, "Out of this World.") Roddenberry cooperated with Stephen Edward Poe (as Stephen Whitfield) on the 1968 nonfiction book The Making of Star Trek (Ballantine Books). By his demand that Whitfield accepted, they too split the royalties evenly. As Roddenberry explained to Whitfield in 1968, "I had to get some money somewhere. I'm sure not going to get it from the profits of Star Trek."^[25] Herbert Solow and Robert H. Justman observe that Whitfield never regretted his fifty-fifty deal with Roddenberry since it gave him "the opportunity to become the first chronicler of television's successful unsuccessful series".^[26]

Marriages [edit]

In 1942, Roddenberry married Eileen Rexroat. They had two daughters, Darleen and Dawn, but during the 1960s, he had affairs with Nichelle Nichols (said by Nichols to be the reason he wanted her on the show)^[27] and Majel Barrett. Twenty-seven years after his first marriage, Roddenberry divorced his first wife and married Barrett in Japan in a traditional Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969, and they had one child together, Eugene Wesley Roddenberry, Jr.^[28]

Religious views [edit]

Although Roddenberry was raised as a Southern Baptist, he instead considered himself a humanist and agnostic. He saw religion as the cause of many wars and human suffering.^[29]

Death and legacy [edit]

Roddenberry's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Presented in 1985, it was the first star for a television writer.^[1]:110

Roddenberry died from cardiopulmonary arrest, on October 24, 1991.^[30] After his death, Star Trek: The Next Generation aired a two-part episode of season five, called "Unification", which featured a dedication to Roddenberry. In 1992, a portion of Roddenberry's ashes flew and returned to earth on the Space Shuttle Columbia mission STS-52.^[31] On April 21, 1997, a Celestis spacecraft — carrying portions of the cremated remains of Roddenberry, of Timothy Leary and of 22 other individuals — was launched into Earth orbit aboard a Pegasus XL rocket from near the Canary Islands.^[32] On May 20, 2002, the spacecraft's orbit deteriorated and it disintegrated in the atmosphere. Another flight to launch more of his ashes into deep space along with those of Majel (Barrett) Roddenberry, his widow who died in 2008, is planned for launch in 2014.^[33]

After his death, Roddenberry's estate permitted filming Earth: Final Conflict and Andromeda, two television series based on his unused stories. A third story idea^{[citation needed]} was adapted in 1995 as the comic book Gene Roddenberry's Lost Universe (later titled Gene Roddenberry's Xander in Lost Universe). Gene Roddenberry's Starship, was a computer-animated series that was proposed by Majel Barrett and John Semper but was not produced.^[34]

Roddenberry and his wife Majel were honored by the Space Foundation in 2002 with the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award,^[35] in recognition of their contributions to awareness of and enthusiasm for space exploration.

The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Roddenberry in 2007, making him its third "Film, Television and Media" contributor after Steven Spielberg and George Lucas.^[2][a] The Television Academy Hall of Fame inducted him in 2010.

Filmography [edit]

"Biography" (2 episodes )

1. Gene Roddenberry: Star Trek and Beyond (14 July 1994) - Himself
2. Leonard Nimoy: Spock and Beyond (29 November 1996) - Himself - 'Star Trek' Creator

"Star Trek: The Next Generation" (176 episodes ) ... aka "Star Trek: TNG" - USA (promotional abbreviation)

1. Encounter at Farpoint (26 September 1987) - Writer (creator) (written by) (part 1 & 2), executive producer
2. The Naked Now (3 October 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
3. Code of Honor (10 October 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
4. The Last Outpost (17 October 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
5. Where No One Has Gone Before (24 October 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
6. Lonely Among Us (31 October 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
7. Justice (7 November 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
8. The Battle (14 November 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
9. Hide and Q (21 November 1987) - Writer (creator) (teleplay), executive producer
10. Haven (28 November 1987) - Writer (creator), executive producer
11. The Big Goodbye (9 January 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
12. Datalore (16 January 1988) - Writer (creator) (teleplay), executive producer
13. Angel One (23 January 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
14. 11001001 (30 January 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
15. Too Short a Season (6 February 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
16. When the Bough Breaks (13 February 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
17. Home Soil (20 February 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
18. Coming of Age (12 March 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
19. Heart of Glory (19 March 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
20. The Arsenal of Freedom (9 April 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
21. Symbiosis (16 April 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
22. Skin of Evil (23 April 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
23. We'll Always Have Paris (30 April 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
24. Conspiracy (7 May 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
25. The Neutral Zone (14 May 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
26. The Child (19 November 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
27. Where Silence Has Lease (26 November 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
28. Elementary, Dear Data (3 December 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
29. The Outrageous Okona (10 December 1988) - Writer (creator), executive producer
30. Loud as a Whisper (7 January 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
31. The Schizoid Man (21 January 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
32. Unnatural Selection (28 January 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
33. A Matter of Honor (4 February 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
34. The Measure of a Man (11 February 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
35. The Dauphin (18 February 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
36. Contagion (18 March 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
37. The Royale (25 March 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
38. Time Squared (1 April 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
39. The Icarus Factor (22 April 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
40. Pen Pals (29 April 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
41. Q Who? (6 May 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
42. Samaritan Snare (13 May 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
43. Up the Long Ladder (20 May 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
44. Manhunt (17 June 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
45. The Emissary (24 June 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
46. Peak Performance (8 July 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
47. Shades of Gray (15 July 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
48. Evolution (23 September 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
49. The Ensigns of Command (30 September 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
50. The Survivors (7 October 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
51. Who Watches the Watchers (14 October 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
52. The Bonding (21 October 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
53. Booby Trap (28 October 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
54. The Enemy (4 November 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
55. The Price (11 November 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
56. The Vengeance Factor (18 November 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
57. The Defector (30 December 1989) - Writer (creator), executive producer
58. The Hunted (6 January 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
59. The High Ground (27 January 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
60. Déjà Q (3 February 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
61. A Matter of Perspective (10 February 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
62. Yesterday's Enterprise (17 February 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
63. The Offspring (10 March 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
64. Sins of the Father (17 March 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
65. Allegiance (24 March 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
66. Captain's Holiday (31 March 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
67. Tin Man (21 April 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
68. Hollow Pursuits (28 April 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
69. The Most Toys (5 May 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
70. Sarek (12 May 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
71. Ménage à Troi (26 May 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
72. Transfigurations (2 June 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
73. The Best of Both Worlds: Part 1 (16 June 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
74. The Best of Both Worlds: Part 2 (22 September 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
75. Family (29 September 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
76. Brothers (6 October 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
77. Suddenly Human (13 October 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
78. Remember Me (20 October 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
79. Legacy (27 October 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
80. Reunion (3 November 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
81. Future Imperfect (10 November 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
82. Final Mission (17 November 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
83. The Loss (29 December 1990) - Writer (creator), executive producer
84. Data's Day (5 January 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
85. The Wounded (26 January 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
86. Devil's Due (2 February 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
87. Clues (9 February 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
88. First Contact (16 February 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
89. Galaxy's Child (9 March 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
90. Night Terrors (16 March 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
91. Identity Crisis (23 March 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
92. The Nth Degree (30 March 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
93. Qpid (20 April 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
94. The Drumhead (27 April 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
95. Half a Life (4 May 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
96. The Host (11 May 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
97. The Mind's Eye (25 May 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
98. In Theory (1 June 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
99. Redemption (15 June 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
100. Redemption II (21 September 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
101. Darmok (28 September 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
102. Ensign Ro (5 October 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
103. Silicon Avatar (12 October 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
104. Disaster (19 October 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
105. The Game (26 October 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
106. Unification I (2 November 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
107. Unification II (9 November 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
108. A Matter of Time (16 November 1991) - Writer (creator), executive producer
109. New Ground (4 January 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
110. Hero Worship (25 January 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
111. Violations (1 February 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
112. The Masterpiece Society (8 February 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
113. Conundrum (15 February 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
114. Power Play (22 February 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
115. Ethics (29 February 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
116. The Outcast (14 March 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
117. Cause and Effect (21 March 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
118. The First Duty (28 March 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
119. Cost of Living (18 April 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
120. The Perfect Mate (25 April 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
121. Imaginary Friend (2 May 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
122. I Borg (9 May 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
123. The Next Phase (16 May 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
124. The Inner Light (30 May 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
125. Time's Arrow: Part 1 (13 June 1992) - Writer (creator), executive producer
126. Time's Arrow: Part 2 (19 September 1992) - Writer (creator)
127. Realm of Fear (26 September 1992) - Writer (creator)
128. Man of the People (3 October 1992) - Writer (creator)
129. Relics (10 October 1992) - Writer (creator)
130. Schisms (17 October 1992) - Writer (creator)
131. True Q (24 October 1992) - Writer (creator)
132. Rascals (31 October 1992) - Writer (creator)
133. A Fistful of Datas (7 November 1992) - Writer (creator)
134. The Quality of Life (14 November 1992) - Writer (creator)
135. Chain of Command: Part 1 (12 December 1992) - Writer (creator)
136. Chain of Command: Part 2 (19 December 1992) - Writer (creator)
137. Ship in a Bottle (23 January 1993) - Writer (creator)
138. Aquiel (30 January 1993) - Writer (creator)
139. Face of the Enemy (6 February 1993) - Writer (creator)
140. Tapestry (13 February 1993) - Writer (creator)
141. Birthright: Part 1 (20 February 1993) - Writer (creator)
142. Birthright: Part 2 (27 February 1993) - Writer (creator)
143. Starship Mine (27 March 1993) - Writer (creator)
144. Lessons (3 April 1993) - Writer (creator)
145. The Chase (24 April 1993) - Writer (creator)
146. Frame of Mind (1 May 1993) - Writer (creator)
147. Suspicions (8 May 1993) - Writer (creator)
148. Rightful Heir (15 May 1993) - Writer (creator)
149. Second Chances (22 May 1993) - Writer (creator)
150. Timescape (12 June 1993) - Writer (creator)
151. Descent: Part 1 (19 June 1993) - Writer (creator)
152. Descent: Part 2 (18 September 1993) - Writer (creator)
153. Liaisons (25 September 1993) - Writer (creator)
154. Interface (2 October 1993) - Writer (creator)
155. Gambit: Part 1 (9 October 1993) - Writer (creator)
156. Gambit: Part 2 (16 October 1993) - Writer (creator)
157. Phantasms (23 October 1993) - Writer (creator)
158. Dark Page (30 October 1993) - Writer (creator)
159. Attached (6 November 1993) - Writer (creator)
160. Force of Nature (13 November 1993) - Writer (creator)
161. Inheritance (20 November 1993) - Writer (creator)
162. Parallels (27 November 1993) - Writer (creator)
163. The Pegasus (8 January 1994) - Writer (creator)
164. Homeward (15 January 1994) - Writer (creator)
165. Sub Rosa (29 January 1994) - Writer (creator)
166. Lower Decks (5 February 1994) - Writer (creator)
167. Thine Own Self (12 February 1994) - Writer (creator)
168. Masks (19 February 1994) - Writer (creator)
169. Eye of the Beholder (26 February 1994) - Writer (creator)
170. Genesis (19 March 1994) - Writer (creator)
171. Journey's End (26 March 1994) - Writer (creator)
172. Firstborn (23 April 1994) - Writer (creator)
173. Bloodlines (30 April 1994) - Writer (creator)
174. Emergence (7 May 1994) - Writer (creator)
175. Preemptive Strike (14 May 1994) - Writer (creator)
176. All Good Things... (23 May 1994) - Writer (creator)

"Clapper Board" (1 episode)

1. Star Trek: The Motion Picture (7 January 1980) - Himself

"Star Trek" (22 episodes ) ... aka "Star Trek: TAS" - USA (promotional abbreviation) ... aka "Star Trek: The Animated Adventures" - USA (alternative title) ... aka "Star Trek: The Animated Series-The Animated Adventures of Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek" - USA (DVD box title) ... aka "The Animated Adventures of Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek" - USA (video box title)

1. Beyond the Farthest Star (8 September 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
2. Yesteryear (15 September 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
3. One of Our Planets Is Missing (22 September 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
4. The Lorelei Signal (29 September 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
5. More Tribbles, More Troubles (6 October 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
6. The Survivor (13 October 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
7. The Infinite Vulcan (20 October 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
8. The Magicks of Megas-Tu (27 October 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
9. Once Upon a Planet (3 November 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
10. Mudd's Passion (10 November 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
11. The Terratin Incident (17 November 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
12. The Time Trap (24 November 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
13. The Ambergris Element (1 December 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
14. The Slaver Weapon (15 December 1973) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
15. The Eye of the Beholder (5 January 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
16. The Jihad (12 January 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
17. The Pirates of Orion (7 September 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
18. Bem (14 September 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
19. The Practical Joker (21 September 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
20. Albatross (28 September 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
21. How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth (5 October 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant
22. The Counter-Clock Incident (12 October 1974) - Writer (creator), executive consultant

"Alias Smith and Jones" (1 episode)

1. The Girl in Boxcar #3 (11 February 1971) - Writer (story)

"Star Trek" (80 episodes ) ... aka "Star Trek: TOS" - USA (promotional abbreviation) ... aka "Star Trek: The Original Series" - USA (informal title)

1. The Man Trap (8 September 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
2. Charlie X (15 September 1966) - Writer (creator) (story), producer, Enterprise Chef (voice) (uncredited)
3. Where No Man Has Gone Before (22 September 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
4. The Naked Time (29 September 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
5. The Enemy Within (6 October 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
6. Mudd's Women (13 October 1966) - Writer (creator) (story), producer
7. What Are Little Girls Made Of? (20 October 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
8. Miri (27 October 1966) - Writer (creator), executive producer
9. Dagger of the Mind (3 November 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
10. The Corbomite Maneuver (10 November 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
11. The Menagerie: Part I (17 November 1966) - Writer (creator) (written by), executive producer
12. The Menagerie: Part II (24 November 1966) - Writer (creator) (written by), producer
13. The Conscience of the King (8 December 1966) - Writer (creator), executive producer
14. Balance of Terror (15 December 1966) - Writer (creator), producer
15. Shore Leave (29 December 1966) - Writer (creator), executive producer
16. The Galileo Seven (5 January 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
17. The Squire of Gothos (12 January 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
18. Arena (19 January 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
19. Tomorrow Is Yesterday (26 January 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
20. Court Martial (2 February 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
21. The Return of the Archons (9 February 1967) - Writer (creator) (story), executive producer
22. Space Seed (16 February 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
23. A Taste of Armageddon (23 February 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
24. This Side of Paradise (2 March 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
25. The Devil in the Dark (9 March 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
26. Errand of Mercy (23 March 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
27. The Alternative Factor (30 March 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
28. The City on the Edge of Forever (6 April 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
29. Operation - Annihilate! (13 April 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
30. Amok Time (15 September 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
31. Who Mourns for Adonais? (22 September 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
32. The Changeling (29 September 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
33. Mirror, Mirror (6 October 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
34. The Apple (13 October 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
35. The Doomsday Machine (20 October 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
36. Catspaw (27 October 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
37. I, Mudd (3 November 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
38. Metamorphosis (10 November 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
39. Journey to Babel (17 November 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
40. Friday's Child (1 December 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
41. The Deadly Years (8 December 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
42. Obsession (15 December 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
43. Wolf in the Fold (22 December 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
44. The Trouble with Tribbles (29 December 1967) - Writer (creator), executive producer
45. The Gamesters of Triskelion (5 January 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
46. A Piece of the Action (12 January 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
47. The Immunity Syndrome (19 January 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
48. A Private Little War (2 February 1968) - Writer (creator) (teleplay), executive producer
49. Return to Tomorrow (9 February 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
50. Patterns of Force (16 February 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
51. By Any Other Name (23 February 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
52. The Omega Glory (1 March 1968) - Writer (creator) (written by), executive producer
53. The Ultimate Computer (8 March 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
54. Bread and Circuses (15 March 1968) - Writer (creator) (written by), executive producer
55. Assignment: Earth (29 March 1968) - Writer (creator) (story), producer
56. Spock's Brain (20 September 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
57. The Enterprise Incident (27 September 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
58. The Paradise Syndrome (4 October 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
59. And the Children Shall Lead (11 October 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
60. Is There in Truth No Beauty? (18 October 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
61. Spectre of the Gun (25 October 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
62. Day of the Dove (1 November 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
63. For the World Is Hollow and I Have Touched the Sky (8 November 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
64. The Tholian Web (15 November 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
65. Plato's Stepchildren (22 November 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
66. Wink of an Eye (29 November 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
67. The Empath (6 December 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
68. Elaan of Troyius (20 December 1968) - Writer (creator), executive producer
69. Whom Gods Destroy (3 January 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
70. Let That Be Your Last Battlefield (10 January 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
71. The Mark of Gideon (17 January 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
72. That Which Survives (24 January 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
73. The Lights of Zetar (31 January 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
74. Requiem for Methuselah (14 February 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
75. The Way to Eden (21 February 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
76. The Cloud Minders (28 February 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
77. The Savage Curtain (7 March 1969) - Writer (creator) (story) (teleplay), executive producer
78. All Our Yesterdays (14 March 1969) - Writer (creator), executive producer
79. Turnabout Intruder (3 June 1969) - Writer (creator) (story), executive producer
80. The Cage (1 January 1986) - Writer (creator) (written by), producer, Host of Video Release (uncredited)

"The Lieutenant" (29 episodes )

1. A Million Miles from Clary (14 September 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
2. Cool of the Evening (21 September 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
3. The Proud and the Angry (28 September 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
4. The Two Star Giant (5 October 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
5. A Very Private Affair (12 October 1963) - Writer (creator) (writer), producer
6. To Take Up Serpents (19 October 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
7. A Touching of Hands (26 October 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
8. Captain Thomson (2 November 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
9. Instant Wedding (9 November 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
10. A Troubled Image (16 November 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
11. Fall from a White Horse (30 November 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
12. Alert (14 December 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
13. The Art of Discipline (21 December 1963) - Writer (creator), producer
14. The Alien (28 December 1963) - Writer (creator) (writer), producer
15. O'Rourke (4 January 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
16. Gone the Sun (18 January 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
17. Between Music and Laughter (25 January 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
18. Interlude (1 February 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
19. Capp's Lady (8 February 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
20. Green Water Green Flag (15 February 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
21. To Set It Right (22 February 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
22. In the Highest Tradition (29 February 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
23. Tour of Duty (7 March 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
24. Lament for a Dead Goldbrick (14 March 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
25. Man with an Edge (21 March 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
26. Operation Actress (28 March 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
27. Mother Enemy (4 April 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
28. War Called Peace (11 April 1964) - Writer (creator), producer
29. To Kill a Man (18 April 1964) - Writer (creator) (writer), producer

"The Virginian" (1 episode) ... aka "The Men from Shiloh" - USA (ninth season title)

1. Run Away Home (24 April 1963) - Writer (story)

"G.E. True" (1 episode)

1. V-Victor 5 (7 October 1962) - Writer (teleplay)

"Naked City" (1 episode) ... aka "The Naked City" - USA (first season title)

1. The Rydecker Case (6 June 1962) - Writer (writer)

"Dr. Kildare" (1 episode)

1. A Distant Thunder (10 May 1962) - Writer (written by)

"Target: The Corruptors" (1 episode)

1. To Wear a Badge (1 December 1961) - Writer (story)

"Shannon" (2 episodes )

1. The Embezzler's Daughter (2 October 1961) - Writer (teleplay)
2. The Pickup (20 November 1961) - Writer (writer)

"Two Faces West" (1 episode)

1. The Lesson (22 May 1961) - Writer (teleplay)

"Whiplash" (4 episodes )

1. Episode in Bathurst (25 March 1961) - Writer (written by)
2. Dutchman's Reef (8 April 1961) - Writer (written by)
3. The Actress (15 April 1961) - Writer (written by)
4. Sarong (6 May 1961) - Writer (written by)

"Wrangler" (1 episode)

1. Incident at the Bar M (4 August 1960) - Writer (writer), producer

"Alcoa Theatre" (1 episode)

1. 333 Montgomery Street (13 June 1960) - Writer, producer

"Hotel de Paree" (1 episode)

1. Sundance and the Black Widow (1 April 1960) - Writer (written by)

"The DuPont Show with June Allyson" (1 episode)

1. Escape (22 February 1960) - Writer (story)

"The Detectives" (2 episodes )

1. Karate (8 January 1960) - Writer (writer)
2. Blue Fire (15 January 1960) - Writer (writer)

"Harbor Command" (1 episode)

1. The Psychiatrist (20 June 1958) - Writer (writer)

"Jefferson Drum" (4 episodes )

1. Law and Order (9 May 1958) - Writer (writer)
2. Madame Faro (6 June 1958) - Writer (writer)
3. The Post (4 July 1958) - Writer (written by)
4. Stagecoach Episode (10 October 1958) - Writer (written by)

"Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre" (1 episode) ... aka "Jane Wyman Presents" - USA (rerun title) ... aka "Jane Wyman Theater" - USA (alternative title)

1. The Perfect Alibi (12 December 1957) - Writer (adaptation)

"Have Gun - Will Travel" (24 episodes )

1. The Great Mojave Chase (28 September 1957) - Writer (written by)
2. The Yuma Treasure (14 December 1957) - Writer (written by)
3. The Hanging Cross (21 December 1957) - Writer (written by)
4. Helen of Abajinian (28 December 1957) - Writer (written by)
5. Ella West (4 January 1958) - Writer (written by)
6. The Hanging of Roy Carter (4 October 1958) - Writer (written by)
7. The Road to Wickenberg (25 October 1958) - Writer (written by)
8. Juliet (31 January 1959) - Writer (written by)
9. The Monster of Moon Ridge (28 February 1959) - Writer (written by)
10. Maggie O'Bannion (4 April 1959) - Writer (written by)
11. Return of Roy Carter (2 May 1959) - Writer (written by)
12. Episode in Laredo (19 September 1959) - Writer (written by)
13. Les Girls (26 September 1959) - Writer (written by)
14. The Posse (3 October 1959) - Writer (written by)
15. The Golden Toad (21 November 1959) - Writer (written by)
16. Tiger (28 November 1959) - Writer (written by)
17. Charley Red Dog (12 December 1959) - Writer (written by)
18. El Paso Stage (15 April 1961) - Writer (writer)
19. Alice (17 March 1962) - Writer (written by)
20. Taylor's Woman (22 September 1962) - Writer
21. Marshal of Sweetwater (24 November 1962) - Writer (writer)
22. Trial at Tablerock (15 December 1962) - Writer (writer)
23. Cage at McNaab (16 February 1963) - Writer (writer)
24. The Savages (16 March 1963) - Writer (writer)

"Boots and Saddles" (4 episodes )

1. The Gatling Gun (19 September 1957) - Writer (written by)
2. Prussian Farmers (17 October 1957) - Writer (writer)
3. The Marquis of Donnybrook (26 December 1957) - Writer (writer)
4. Rescue of the Stranger (6 March 1958) - Writer (written by)

"The Kaiser Aluminum Hour" (1 episode)

1. So Short a Season (12 February 1957) - Writer (writer)

"Dr. Christian" (2 episodes )

1. Bullet Wound (1 January 1957) - Writer (writer)
2. The Philanthropist (1 January 1957) - Writer (written by)

"West Point" (9 episodes )

1. The Operator and the Martinet (12 October 1956) - Writer (writer)
2. Man of Action (7 December 1956) - Writer (writer)
3. Double Reverse (18 December 1956) - Writer (writer)
4. Christmas Present (21 December 1956) - Writer (writer)
5. Jet Fight (8 February 1957) - Writer (writer)
6. The Command (22 February 1957) - Writer (writer)
7. The Drowning of the Gun (24 May 1957) - Writer (writer)
8. Pressure (28 June 1957) - Writer (writer)
9. Dragoon Patrol (5 July 1957) - Writer (writer)

"Chevron Hall of Stars" (1 episode)

1. The Secret Weapon of 117 (1 January 1956) - Writer (written by)

"I Led 3 Lives" (2 episodes )

1. Discredit Police (1 January 1956) - Writer (writer)
2. Radioactive (1 January 1956) - Writer (as Robert Wesley)

"Highway Patrol" (5 episodes )

1. Human Bomb (1 January 1955) - Writer (screenplay) (as Robert Wesley)
2. Reformed Criminal (31 December 1955) - Writer (screenplay) (as Robert Wesley)
3. Mental Patient (9 April 1956) - Writer (screenplay) (as Robert Wesley)
4. Prospector (18 June 1956) - Writer (screenplay) (as Robert Wesley)
5. Oil Lease (3 December 1956) - Writer (screenplay)

"Mr. District Attorney" (6 episodes )

1. Defense Plant Gambling (1 January 1954) - Writer (writer)
2. Court Escape (1 January 1954) - Writer (writer)
3. Patrol Boat (1 January 1954) - Writer (writer)
4. Police Academy (1 January 1954) - Writer (writer)
5. Police Brutality (1 January 1954) - Writer (writer)
6. Wife Killer (1 January 1954) - Writer (writer)

^[36]

See also [edit]

	Science fiction portal
	Television portal

Notes [edit]

References [edit]

Further reading [edit]

• Alexander, David (1995). Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry. New York: Roc. ISBN 0-451-45440-5. 
• Engel, Joel (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 0-7868-6004-9. 
• Fern, Yvonne (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Last Conversation. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08842-5. 
• Gross, Edward; Mark A. Altman, Gene Roddenberry (1994). Great Birds of the Galaxy: Gene Roddenberry and the Creators of Star Trek. Boxtree. ISBN 0-7522-0968-X. 
• Sackett, Susan (2002). Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. Hawk Publishing Group. ISBN 1-930709-42-0. 
• Van Hise, James (1992). The Man Who Created Star Trek: Gene Roddenberry. Pioneer Books. ISBN 1-55698-318-2. 
• Whitfield, Stephen E.; Gene Roddenberry (1968). The Making of Star Trek. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-34019-1. 

Cast autobiographies [edit]

• Doohan, James and transcribed by Peter David. Beam Me Up, Scotty: Star Trek's "Scotty" in his own words. ISBN 0-671-52056-3.
• Koenig, Walter. Warped Factors: A Neurotic's Guide to the Universe. ISBN 0-87833-991-4.
• Nichols, Nichelle. Beyond Uhura: Star Trek and Other Memories. ISBN 1-57297-011-1. Published 1995.
• Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Not Spock. ISBN 978-0-89087-117-1. Published 1977.
• Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Spock. ISBN 978-0-7868-6182-8. Published 1995.
• Shatner, William and transcribed by Chris Kreski. Star Trek Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-017734-9; ISBN 978-0-06-017734-8. Published 1993.
• Shatner, William and transcribed by Chris Kreski. Star Trek Movie Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-017617-2. Published 1994.
• Solow, Herbert F. and Robert H. Justman. Inside Star Trek: The Real Story. ISBN 0-671-89628-8. Published 1999.
• Takei, George. To The Stars: The Autobiography of George Takei: Star Trek's Mr Sulu. ISBN 0-671-89008-5. Published 1994.
• Whitney, Grace Lee and transcribed by Jim Denney. The Longest Trek: My Tour of the Galaxy. Foreword by Leonard Nimoy. ISBN 1-884956-05-X; ISBN 978-1-884956-05-8. Published 1998.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gene Roddenberry

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Gene Roddenberry

• Official Roddenberry family website
• Gene Roddenberry at the Internet Movie Database
• Gene Roddenberry at the TCM Movie Database
• Gene Roddenberry at AllRovi
• Gene Roddenberry at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
• Gene Roddenberry at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Gene Roddenberry biography at the Science Fiction Hall of Fame
• The Museum of Broadcast Communication
• Strange New Worlds: The Humanist Philosophy of Star Trek by Robert Bowman, Christian Research Journal, Fall 1991, pp. 20 ff.
• StarTrek.com biography
• Gene Roddenberry: What Might Have Been... on Roddenberry's 1970s failed pilots
• Celebrating Gene Roddenberry