Al-Samawal al-Maghribi

Samauʼal Al-Maghribī
Born	c. 1130 Baghdad, Iraq
Died	c. 1180 Maragha, Iran
Era	Islamic Golden Age
Region	Baghdad
Main interests	Mathematics, Medicine
Influenced by Abu'l-Barakat

Ibn Yaḥyā al-Maghribī al-Samawʾal (Arabic: السموأل بن يحيى المغربي‎; c. 1130 – c. 1180) commonly known as Samau'al al-Maghribi was a Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physician.^[1] Though born to a Jewish family, he converted to Islam in 1163 after he had a dream telling him to do so.^[2] His father was a Rabbi from Morocco.^[3]

1 Mathematics
2 Polemics
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links

Mathematics [edit]

Al-Samaw'al wrote the mathematical treatise al-Bahir fi'l-jabr, meaning "The brilliant in algebra", at the age of nineteen.

He also used the two basic concepts of mathematical induction, though without stating them explicitly. He used this to extend results for the binomial theorem up to n=12 and Pascal's triangle previously given by al-Karaji.^[4]

Polemics [edit]

Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article:

al-Samaw'al

He also wrote a famous polemic book in Arabic debating Judaism known as Ifḥām al-Yahūd (Confutation of the Jews) or in Spanish Epistola Samuelis Maroccani and later known in English as The blessed Jew of Morocco.^[5]^[6]

Notes [edit]

^ Jewish Encyclopedia
^ [1]
^ Medieval Cultures in Contact, By Richard Gyug, pg. 123
^ Katz (1992), p. 242:

"Like the proofs of al-Karaji and ibn al-Haytham, al-Samaw'al's argument contains the two basic components of an inductive proof. He begins with a value for which the result is known, here n = 2, and then uses the result for a given integer to derive the result for the next. Since al-Samaw'al did not have any way of stating the general binomial theorem, however, he cannot be said to have proved it, by induction or otherwise. What he had done was provide a method acceptable to his readers for expanding binomials up to the twelfth power..."
^ Samau'al al-Maghribi Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews / placeholder for Arabic language transliteration, by Moshe Perlmann
^ Samau'al al-Maghribi: Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews / placeholder for Arabic language transliteration by Moshe Perlmann, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 32, Samau'al Al-Maghribi Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews (1964)

References [edit]

Anbouba, Adel (1970). "Al-Samaw’al, Ibn Yaḥyā Al-Maghribī". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Ibn Yahya al-Maghribi Al-Samawal", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
Samau'al al-Maghribi: Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews / placeholder for Arabic language transliteration by Moshe Perlmann, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 32, Samau'al Al-Maghribi Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews (1964)
Samaw'al al-Maghribi: Ifham al-yahud, The early recension, by مغربي، السموءل بن يحي، d. ca. 1174. al-Samawʼal ibn Yaḥyá Maghribī; Ibrahim Marazka; Reza Pourjavady; Sabine Schmidtke Publisher: Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2006.OCLC: 63514265
Perlmann, Moshe, "Eleventh-Century Andalusian Authors on the Jews of Granada" Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 18 (1948–49):269-90.

External links [edit]

Al-Bahir en Algebre d'As-Samaw'al translation by Salah Ahmad, Roshdi Rashed, Author(s) of Review: David A. King, Isis, Vol. 67, No. 2 (Jun., 1976), pp. 307-308
Al-Asturlabi and as-Samaw'al on Scientific Progress, Osiris, Vol. 9, 1950 (1950), by Franz Rosenthal, pp. 555-566
Arab Mathematics
Naderi, Negar (2007). "Samawʾal: Abū Naṣr Samawʾal ibn Yaḥyā ibn ’Abbās al‐Maghribī al‐Andalusī". In Thomas Hockey et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 1009. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version)

Mathematics in medieval Islam

Mathematicians

9th century	'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk Sind ibn Ali Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar Al-Kindi Al-Mahani Banū Mūsā Hunayn ibn Ishaq Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī Thābit ibn Qurra Na'im ibn Musa Sahl ibn Bishr Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi

10th century	Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi Abu-Mahmud Khojandi Ahmad ibn Yusuf Al-Nayrizi Al-Saghani Brethren of Purity Ibn Sahl Ibn Yunus Ibrahim ibn Sinan Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī Sinan ibn Thabit Al-Isfahani Abu-Mahmud Khojandi Nazif ibn Yumn Abū Sahl al-Qūhī

11th century	Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī Abu Nasr Mansur Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī Alhazen Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī Al-Karaji Al-Sijzi Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī Avicenna Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi Kushyar ibn Labban Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud

12th century	Al-Khazini Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al Omar Khayyám Jabir ibn Aflah Abu Bakr al-Hassar

13th century	Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili Ibn Abi al-Shukr

14th century	Yaʿīsh ibn Ibrāhīm al-Umawī Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi Ibn al-Shatir Kamāl al-Dīn Fārisī Al-Khalili Qotb al-Din Shirazi Ahmad al-Qalqashandi

15th century	Abū al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī al-Qalaṣādī Ali Qushji Jamshīd al-Kāshī Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī Ulugh Beg Ibn al-Majdi

16th century	Al-Birjandi Muhammad Baqir Yazdi Taqi al-Din Ibn Hamza al-Maghribi Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi

Treatises

Almanac
Book of Fixed Stars
Book of Optics
De Gradibus
Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
Tables of Toledo
Tabula Rogeriana
The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing
The Book of Healing
Zij
Zij-i Ilkhani
Zij-i-Sultani

Concepts

Alhazen's problem

Centers

Influences

Influenced

Medicine in the medieval Islamic world

Physicians

7th century	Al-Harith ibn Kalada and his son Abu Hafsa Yazid Bukhtishu Masarjawaih Ibn Abi Ramtha al-Tamimi Rufaida Al-Aslamia Ibn Uthal

8th century	Bukhtishu family Ja'far al-Sadiq

9th century	Albubather Bukhtishu family Jabril ibn Bukhtishu Jābir ibn Hayyān Hunayn ibn Ishaq and his son Yahya ibn Sarafyun Al-Kindi Masawaiyh Sabur ibn Sahl Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari Al-Ruhawi Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu Salmawaih ibn Bunan

10th century	Qusta ibn Luqa Abu ul-Ala Shirazi Abul Hasan al-Tabari Al-Natili Qumri Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Isaac Israeli ben Solomon Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi Muvaffak Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi Ibn Juljul Al-Zahrawi Ibn al-Jazzar Al-Kaŝkarī Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath Ibn al-Batriq Ibrahim ibn Baks

11th century	Abu Ubaid Juzjani Alhazen Ali ibn Ridwan Avicenna Ephraim ibn al-Za'faran Ibn al-Wafid Abdollah ibn Bukhtishu Ibn Butlan Ibn al-Kattani Ibn Jazla Masawaih al-Mardini Yusuf al-Ilaqi Ibn Al-Thahabi Ibn Abi Sadiq Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal

12th century	Abu al-Bayan ibn al-Mudawwar Ahmad ibn Farrokh Ibn Hubal Zayn al-Din Gorgani Maimonides Serapion the Younger Ibn Zuhr Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Israili Abu Jafar ibn Harun of Trujillo Averroes Ibn Tufail Al-Ghafiqi Ibn Abi al-Hakam Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī Samauʼal Al-Maghribī Ibn al-Tilmīdh Ibn Jumay‘

13th century	Sa'ad al-Dawla Al-Shahrazuri Rashidun al-Suri Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din Vatvat Avraham son of Rambam Da'ud Abu al-Fadl Al-Dakhwar Ibn Abi Usaibia Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (medieval writer) Ibn al-Nafis Zakariya al-Qazwini Najib ad-Din-e-Samarqandi Qotb al-Din Shirazi Ibn al-Quff

14th century	Muhammad ibn Mahmud Amuli Al-Nagawri Aqsara'i Zayn-e-Attar Mansur ibn Ilyas Jaghmini Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi Nakhshabi Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni Yusuf ibn Ismail al-Kutubi Ibn al-Khatib Rashid-al-Din Hamadani

15th century	Abu Sa'id al-Afif Muhammad Ali Astarabadi Husayni Isfahani Burhan-ud-din Kermani Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi Nurbakhshi Shaykh Muhammad ibn Thaleb

16th century	Hakim-e-Gilani Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf Dawud al-Antaki