| Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep | |
|---|---|
![]() North American cover art for Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep featuring (clockwise from top): Terra, Aqua, Ventus, and Mickey. |
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| Developer(s) | Square Enix Product Development Division 5[1] |
| Publisher(s) | Square Enix |
| Director(s) | Tetsuya Nomura[2] Tai Yasue[2] |
| Producer(s) | Patrick Chen[2] Yoichi Yoshimoto[2] |
| Artist(s) | Takeshi Fujimoto |
| Writer(s) | Daisuke Watanabe Masaru Oka |
| Composer(s) | Yoko Shimomura Tsuyoshi Sekito Takeharu Ishimoto |
| Series | Kingdom Hearts |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation Portable[2] |
| Release date(s) | |
| Genre(s) | Action roleplaying game |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, Multiplayer |
| Media/distribution | Universal Media Disc |
Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep (Japanese: キングダム ハーツ バース バイ スリープ Hepburn: Kingudamu Hātsu Bāsu bai Surīpu) is an action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix and Disney for the PlayStation Portable, serving as the sixth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series. The game was released on UMD in Japan on January 9, 2010, in North America on September 7, 2010 and in Europe on September 10, 2010. An international version of the game titled Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix was released in Japan in January 2011 featuring the changes made in the overseas versions.
The game utilizes an overhauled battle system different from previous games in the series with new elements. The game is a prequel to the original Kingdom Hearts, taking place ten years before. The game centers on the journeys of Terra, Aqua, and Ventus, characters briefly featured in Kingdom Hearts II, in their quest to locate the missing Master Xehanort and protect the worlds from creatures known as the Unversed. The player has access to the three characters' different scenarios when playing.
Development of the game began in June 2005 with parts of the game Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix meant to bring clues of Birth by Sleep. Nomura has referred to the game as "Episode 0" saying that the game is on the same scale and plays as big an importance as Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II. The game has been well-received, selling 1.27 million copies worldwide as of November 2010, and receiving positive comments by video game publications.
Contents |
Birth by Sleep is an action roleplaying game that introduces a gameplay aspect called the Command System, which allows players to customize a Command Deck with techniques and abilities that they can perform at will, called Deck Commands.[8][9] Performing ordinary attacks and Commands fills a gauge displayed above the command deck that, when certain requirements are fulfilled, activates a Command Style that changes the player's basic attack command with the "Surge" command, which racks up powerful combos depending on what Command Style is activated. Filling the gauge with certain requirements a second time causes the character to change into an even higher level Command Style, which replaces the "Surge" command with the more powerful "Storm" command.[10]
The game does not utilize Magic Points (MP) for spells or magic casting, unlike previous games in the series. It instead uses a system known as Focus, which is displayed in an orange gauge on the interface. The player can use Focus to perform a technique called Shotlock with which the player enters a first person mode where they target enemies to cast homing spells that differ with each character and technique, depleting the gauge relative to the number of enemies targeted. Once depleted, the Focus gauge gradually refills with every attack and Deck Command the player lands on an enemy.[11]
Another aspect introduced in the game is the Dimension Link (D-Link) measured in a blue gauge on the interface. It is used to draw power from certain companions who the player characters meet during the game, such as Experiment 626, temporarily replacing the commands in the player's customized command deck with a pre-determined set of commands that differ with each D-Link. Once the command gauge is filled while performing a D-Link, a powerful finishing move is activated to take out enemies. Each finishing move has two levels which can render a finishing move more powerful than before, similar to that of the Command System. The D-Link can only be used when its corresponding gauge is filled completely, and can be activated by pressing right on the directional pad to access the D-Link menu, followed by selecting the chosen ally.[10]
The game also features the Command Board, which appears whenever the player completes a world, and can be accessed from save points and the world map once unlocked. Each world has its own unique Command Board with its own tricks and mechanisms. The Command Board plays like a regular board game where a die is thrown and the player moves, each space having its own unique effect on the player. Various Disney characters from throughout the game also appear on their respective Command Board to either aid or hinder the player. Special panels in the board game can trigger "special events" when landed on by the player.[12]
The game is divided into three separate scenarios, with each scenario surrounding the story of the three main characters: Terra, Aqua, and Ventus. Each scenario is related to the other, but are different from one another and only share the same storyline for the first ten minutes of the story.[13] The gameplay of each scenario differs based on the personalities and abilities of each character such as power, speed and magic: Terra is the most powerful in terms of physical damage, Ventus is the fastest character, and Aqua specializes in magic. Players are able to choose which of the three scenarios near the beginning of the game and will be able to switch to another scenario midway through.[2] The scenario's recommended order of play by Nomura is Terra, followed by Ventus, and lastly Aqua, allowing the player to best understand the story.[13]
The game supports up to six players at a time[14] in four new multiplayer modes. Players control one of the three main characters suited in armor in a world known as the Mirage Arena. In Versus, players fight against each other in a deathmatch-style game, while in Arena players fight co-operatively in a "Survival Mode" style of gameplay against wave after wave of Unversed. In Rumble Racing, players race against each other competitively on their Keyblade vehicles which can also be used to attack rivals. In Command Board, players play a board game on the in-game Command Board mechanic to reach the end first like in traditional board games.[15] Setting records in the Mirage Arena earns players medals which can be exchanged for rare items in-game.[16] Only Ad-Hoc wireless multiplayer is allowed.[17]
| Kingdom Hearts series chronology |
|---|
Birth by Sleep is a prequel to the first Kingdom Hearts game, taking place ten years prior.[18][19] Like the other games in the series, the player progresses through a collection of various worlds, based on various locales from the Disney animated features canon: Dwarf Woodlands from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs; Enchanted Dominion from Sleeping Beauty; Castle of Dreams from Cinderella; Olympus Coliseum from Hercules; Deep Space from Lilo & Stitch; Neverland from Peter Pan (featuring for the first time most of the main island setting new to the series rather than Captain Hook's pirate ship and Big Ben from the first game and Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days); and Mysterious Tower from Fantasia.[14] The game also features various new worlds specially created for the series by Square Enix such as the Land of Departure and Radiant Garden. Disney Town, which is the town that surrounds the castle grounds of Disney Castle, serves as the game's minigame world. Worlds such as Destiny Islands and Castle Oblivion also appear in the form of cutscenes, while the 100 Acre Wood from the Winnie the Pooh franchise, which had appeared in most other games of the series, only appears as a Command Board in Birth by Sleep. The staff first chose the worlds based on the game's scenario, leading to the inclusion of Princesses' worlds. They then added the worlds of Neverland and Deep Space to add variety to the game, while Olympus Coliseum was selected to reflect the game's earlier setting compared to the original Kingdom Hearts.[20]
The three main characters are Terra, Aqua, and Ventus, a trio of siblings and apprentice Keyblade-wielders under Master Eraqus who aspire to become Masters themselves. Another Keyblade Master, Xehanort, and his apprentice, Vanitas, serve as the game's antagonists. Other characters from the previous games return, such as Sora, Riku, and Kairi, though they are younger than their original incarnations and given less prominent roles. A number of characters who later come to form Organization XIII also appear in their human forms.[21] As with the Heartless in Kingdom Hearts and the Nobodies in Kingdom Hearts II, Birth by Sleep introduces a new type of enemy: the Unversed, fledgling emotions that are "not well-versed in their own existences" and feed on negativity.[22][23]
As with the other games in the series, Birth by Sleep features an extensive cast of Disney characters.[9] The most prominent of these characters is King Mickey,[8] who serves as a student under the sorcerer Yen Sid at this point in the series chronology. Donald Duck and Goofy, who served the main protagonist Sora in most other games, appear in smaller roles. Most other Disney characters remain in their respective worlds regardless of their overall importance to the story in previous installments, such as Maleficent and Pete, who served as major antagonists between Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II, and a number of the Princess of Heart. Some characters (such as Experiment 626, Prince Phillip, and King Mickey) occasionally fight alongside the player characters in battles as partners similar to the other games, providing assistance and performing combos to help the player proceed. However, they do not follow the player around constantly like Donald and Goofy in the other games. Unlike the other major installments, which also featured casts of various characters throughout the Final Fantasy series, Birth by Sleep only features two of these characters: Zack from Final Fantasy VII, and Moogle, a creature from several of the Final Fantasy games, who sells items to the player.[24] As Birth by Sleep is a prequel of the first Kingdom Hearts title, the staff decided to add Zack to the title as he is protagonist from the Final Fantasy VII prequel, Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII.[20]
The story begins in the Land of Departure, where Terra and Aqua take an exam to achieve the Mark of Mastery, which will allow them to become Keyblade Masters. However, only Aqua passes while Terra fails due to the abundant darkness in his heart. Shortly after the test, Master Xehanort disappears and a horde of mysterious creatures called the Unversed begin to appear throughout the worlds. Master Eraqus learns from Yen Sid that the Princesses of Heart are in danger from the Unversed, beings that are not well-versed in their own existence and also feed on the negative emotions of people, and orders Terra and Aqua to destroy the Unversed and find Xehanort.[25] Ventus is coaxed by Xehanort's apprentice Vanitas into following Terra against Eraqus' wishes,[26] while Eraqus orders Aqua to watch over Terra and bring Ventus back to the Land of Departure.[27][28]
As the three travel through several worlds, Terra attracts the attention of several villains who offer him the whereabouts of Xehanort in exchange for assistance in their own agendas. He eventually finds Xehanort, who instructs him to destroy Vanitas, revealed to be the source of the Unversed created from the darkness extracted from Ventus' heart.[29] The three friends briefly reunite at Radiant Garden where Aqua and Ventus confront Terra about his actions, but he dismisses them.[30]
Ventus later encounters Xehanort, who reveals his intentions to fuse the hearts of Ventus and Vanitas to create an all-powerful Keyblade called the χ-blade.[31][32] Xehanort sends Ventus to the Land of Departure to confront Eraqus, who tries to kill Ventus to foil Xehanort's plans. However, Terra, who has also been sent to the Land of Departure by Xehanort, faces Eraqus to protect Ventus.[33] Upon his defeat, Eraqus is vanquished by Xehanort, who covers the Land of Departure in darkness and tells Terra to go to a world known as the Keyblade Graveyard.[34] Ventus is similarly instructed to do the same by Vanitas, as is Aqua by Yen Sid after he informs her of Eraqus' fate.[35][36]
Terra, Aqua, and Ventus gather at the Keyblade Graveyard, where Xehanort appears with Vanitas and reveals his plan to use the χ-blade to unlock Kingdom Hearts and start a Keyblade War, an apocalyptic event that nearly destroyed the world in the past. Terra's heart is swallowed by darkness in the ensuing battle, allowing Xehanort to take over his body, but Terra's mind remains within his discarded suit of armor, which comes to life and defeats Xehanort.[37] Meanwhile, Ventus is forced to fuse with Vanitas to create the χ-blade and battles Aqua alongside Mickey, Yen Sid's apprentice, while he engages Vanitas in a metaphysical battle within his mind.[38][39] Aqua destroys the χ-blade as Ventus defeats Vanitas from within, though Ventus loses his heart and falls into a deep sleep as a result.[40]
After learning of Ventus' state, Aqua brings his body to the Land of Departure, where she transforms it into Castle Oblivion to ensure Ventus will not be disturbed.[41] She then goes to Radiant Garden where she fights Xehanort, who still possesses Terra's body.[42] The battle rages until Xehanort unlocks his own heart after Terra's heart tries to regain control of his body, and falls into the Realm of Darkness.[43] Aqua saves Terra, but becomes trapped in the Realm of Darkness in the process; Xehanort, who remains in Terra's body, loses his memories and is found by Ansem the Wise, ruler of Radiant Garden; and Ventus' heart reconnects to the heart of a young Sora where it is able to rest.[44]
In the game's secret ending, which takes place after the events of Kingdom Hearts II, Aqua meets Ansem the Wise in the Realm of Darkness and learns from him about Sora, who has the power to save those connected to his heart, including Terra, Ventus, and Aqua herself.[45] Sora, having learned of their fates from King Mickey's letter, undertakes another quest to save them.[46]
Development of the game began in June 2005 and was originally intended for the PlayStation 2 with Sora as the prototype protagonist of the game.[47] Birth by Sleep was developed by Square Enix's fifth Product Development Division, based in Osaka,[1] the same team behind Kingdom Hearts Re:Chain of Memories, and uses the same graphical engine as both Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII and Dissidia Final Fantasy.[48] During development of Kingdom Hearts II, the Osaka-based team had requested to be involved in a spin-off if one were to be made.[1] Development of the game began before the release of Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix+. The plot was completed, but development was halted six months after it began due to development of Re:Chain of Memories. The development team changed the platform to the PlayStation Portable so as to make use of the PSP's functions such as co-operative and competitive multiplayer gameplay.[49] The title of the game is based on II Final Mix's secret ending, "Birth by Sleep", a title which director Tetsuya Nomura developed as he wanted a phrase having "by" as well as to use an English title like previous games.[49] Nomura has referred to the game as "Episode 0"[50] saying that the game is on the same scale and plays as big an importance as Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II.[13]
Early during the game's development, Nomura already had in mind various scenes in mind such as Terra's and Riku's conversation in order to explain the latter's ability in the original games.[51] Various parts from the plot had to be modified to make the game more light hearted such as Eraqus' death at the hands of Xehanort after being defeated by Terra, how Aqua's scenario was supposed to end with her already trapped in the Realm of Darkness rather, and the relationship between Ventus and Sora.[49] Two of the newly introduced protagonists, Ventus and Terra, were based on other characters from the franchise while Aqua's design did not have a base. Nevertheless the three wear outfits meant to expand the student-and-teacher bond shown in the game.[49][52] The Disney worlds were chosen to expand the characters of the Princesess of Light as well as Maleficient's who are connected with the events of the first Kingdom Hearts game, while the Olympus Coliseum was added to emphasize how the game was a prequel owing to Hercules' youthful appearance.[49]
Birth by Sleep was directed by Nomura and co-directed by Tai Yasue.[2] It was announced alongside Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days and Kingdom Hearts coded at the Tokyo Game Show on September 20, 2007, where a trailer was shown in a photo-prohibited theater.[53] New trailers were shown at the 2008 Jump Festa in December 2007 and the DKΣ3713 Private party in August 2008—a playable demo was also available at DKΣ3713.[54][55] The June 5, 2009 issue of Famitsu covered an interview with Tetsuya Nomura, where he said that the game was, at the time, at the voice recording stage.[56] Nomura also confirmed in an interview that Birth by Sleep would contain a secret ending like in Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II for the next game in the Kingdom Hearts series, which he confirmed to be a main game and the one which Nomura stated would link up Birth by Sleep, 358/2 Days and coded. He also confirmed that a Birth by Sleep demo would indeed be playable at the 2009 Tokyo Games Show together with a new trailer.[3] In early October 2009, Nomura revealed that the concept of the Command Board originated from when he was in elementary school as at that time he was very fascinated with board games and even made his own; hence he wanted to incorporate a fun board game into the game.[17]
In late October 2009, Nomura revealed that he was currently designing the cover art for Birth by Sleep as well as editing the staff rolls due to there being three main characters in Birth by Sleep. He also revealed that they were editing the new opening movie for the game.[57] As with coded and 358/2 Days, Yoko Shimomura, the series' main composer, composed the most prominent themes, while the rest was created by other composers.[58] Like Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts Re: Chain of Memories, Birth by Sleep uses Hikaru Utada's theme song "Hikari" for the Japanese version and its English version, "Simple and Clean", in the overseas releases.
The game made its final public appearance before its Japanese release at Jump Festa 2010 on December 19, 2009 where a playable demo as well as new footage from the game were present and shown.[59] Like previous console titles in the series, the game contains a secret movie at the end, which had been described as being more like a "true ending" rather than a teaser for the future like previous ones.[13] Development of the movie began in October where Nomura noted in the blog that the game would contain a teaser to the next major Kingdom Hearts game similar to the teasers Deep Dive and Birth by Sleep.[57]
| Reception | |
|---|---|
| Aggregate scores | |
| Aggregator | Score |
| GameRankings | 81.95%[60] |
| Metacritic | 82/100[61] |
| Review scores | |
| Publication | Score |
| 1UP.com | B+[62] |
| Eurogamer | 7/10[63] |
| Famitsu | 37/40[64] |
| Game Informer | 8.50/10[65] |
| GameSpot | 7.5/10[66] |
| GamesRadar | 8/10[67] |
| GameTrailers | 8.8/10[68] |
| GameZone | 8.5/10[69] |
| IGN | 8.5/10[70] |
| PSM | |
| X-Play | 4/5[72] |
| RPGamer | 4.0/5[73] |
The game sold very well during its first two days of release with over 500,000 copies of the game sold in Japan.[77] As of February 14, 2010 the game has sold a total of 800,551 copies of the game solely in Japan.[78] Sales in North America and Europe have also been good, with the game taking high places in various categories.[79] In October 2010, it was listed as the sixth bestselling video game in the United States by the NPD Group.[80] As of November 2010, the game has sold 1.27 million units worldwide with 0.31 and 0.19 million copies coming from North America and Europe, respectively, and the rest from Japan.[81]
Prior to the game's release, IGN expressed their excitement at the release of the game in 2010 having played the demo.[54] 1UP.com echoed similar statements, praising the visuals and stating it "plays better" than the previous Kingdom Hearts games. They had some complaints regarding to Ven's demo due to constant jumping. They further stated that Ven's demo gave them an idea of "how the game is going to feel", and predicted the game would improve the series.[11] 1UP also put it on their article "Top 10 PSP Games of 2010",[82] while Gamasutra put it in their "The Most Anticipated Games Of 2010" and "The Most-Awaited Games Of 2009: PlayStation Portable" articles.[83][84] IGN featured it as nominated of 2010's "Best of E3 Award" in the category Best PSP Games.[85] GameTrailers also had praise for the new title and gave it a nomination for Best PSP Game of E3 2010.[86]
Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep has received positive reviews from gaming publishers. The game's average score is of 82 out of 100 on Metacritic and GameRankings, becoming the third highest ranking Kingdom Hearts game behind Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II.[60][61] The game has been highly praised by Japanese gaming magazine, Famitsu, which gave a score of 10/9/9/9 for a total of 37/40, the third-highest rated game in the Kingdom Hearts series behind Dream Drop Distance and Kingdom Hearts II. It praised the game's graphics and music, calling them "superb", as well as praising the wide variety of customization available to the players due to the three unique playable characters. It also praised the design of boss battles, calling them "lively and exciting".[64] English websites have also given praise to the game with GameZone calling it "amazing title that every KH fan must play", finding it the best portable game from the series.[69] RPGamer praised the "evolution" from the gameplay ever since the series' start.[73] PlayStation: The Official Magazine (PSM) agreed calling the fighting system "one of the deepest, most rewarding" ones from the PSP.[71] IGN called its battle system "unique", labelling it as the best one from all the series and having a campaign story.[70] 1UP praised the differences between the protagonists' fighting styles with PSN comparing them with different classes of RPG characters.[62][71] A common complaint has been the game's loading times, which tended to be very long depending on the PlayStation Portable's memory.[67][71] Reviewers also called the game's worlds "hollow due to the lack of interaction, and also criticized the game's camera which sometimes made fights confusing.[66][70] Visuals were also well received for being similar to the ones from PlayStation 2's games with praise on the design of the worlds,[71] although a lack of details was also noted.[68]
Sites have also praised the game's story, for its accessibility as a result of being a prequel,[73] or that it did not bear elements from previous games that tended to confuse gamers such as the characters' identities. Critics also appreciated how the story is told from three different perspectives, which helped to give different point of views as well as expand the time the game can be played.[62] Nevertheless, some character traits were criticized such as the similarities between the protagonists to previous ones.[65][72] While Eurogamer cited that the three characters had little impact to the Disney worlds' storyline,[63] Terra's role was praised by 1UP.com for distancing itself from previous scenarios.[62] Although the lack of Final Fantasy characters got mixed opinions, PSM thought that it helped to expand the exploration of Disney worlds,[71] while Zack's role was found suitable by GameZone.[69] The English casting for Birth by Sleep also received positive comments with GameTrailers stating that it "features one of the few good English dubs in recent memory", particularly Leonard Nimoy's performance.[68] GameSpot stated that Ventus' and Aqua's voice actor to have done a good job voicing them, but criticized Terra's as one of the worst ones from the game, most notably, when compared with other well-received actors.[66]
IGN featured it in their "Game of the Month" from September 2010 in the PSP category.[87] The game has been listed as one of the best PlayStation Portable titles with GamesRadar placing it sixth and IGN eighteenth.[76][88] In an ASCII Media Works poll, it was listed as the tenth best game of 2010.[75] In France's Japan Expo from 2011, it won in the category of "Best Portable Console Videogame."[74] In November 2011, Sony announced Birth by Sleep would receive the "Gold Prize" for selling over 500,000 units in Japan.[89]
Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep was also released with a limited edition PSP-3000 as a bundle in Japan featuring designs from the Kingdom Hearts series on its back.[90] On March 16, 2010, Square Enix announced the English version of Birth By Sleep, which was released on September 7, 2010 in North America, and on September 10, 2010 in Europe.[15] The overseas version of the game contains some adjustments from the original version, such as a new difficulty setting called Critical Mode, and additional songs for the Ice Cream Beat minigame. A new boss known only as the Unknown appears in the overseas versions, as well as a new gameplay element called "Crown Stickers", which act much the same way as the Puzzle Pieces from Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix.[49] The game also has an all-star voice-acting cast of returning members such as Jesse McCartney and James Woods as well as numerous new actors such as Willa Holland, Leonard Nimoy, and Mark Hamill.[91] An Ultimania guidebook of the game was released on March 25, 2010.[92] Like previous games, a light novel of Birth by Sleep has been written by Tomoko Kanemaki and illustrated by Shiro Amano. Its first volume, "Something Strange" was published by Square Enix on December 24, 2010,[93] the second - "Best Friends" - on February 24, 2011,[94] and the third and final volume, "To the Future", on May 26, 2011.[95] Additionally, the tracks featured in the game have been released as part of a soundtrack of three CDs including the ones from Birth by Sleep, 358/2 Days and coded.[96]
In early 2010, Nomura was asked in an interview if Square Enix would release an international Final Mix of Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep to which he replied he would like to as he enjoyed the work from the English voice casting done in the previous games. However, he stated that one of the main reasons for the popularity of the Final Mix version of Kingdom Hearts II was because it was released alongside the PlayStation 2 remake of Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, so he and the staff would think on it more.[49] In September 2010, Square Enix announced that Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep Final Mix would be released on January 20, 2011 in Japan. Like all Final Mix releases, it combines English audio with Japanese game text and subtitles, and includes all additional features implemented in the Western versions as well as brand new content,[97] such as a new playable secret episode. Alongside The 3rd Birthday, Final Mix includes a code that allows players to obtain downloadable content for Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy, with Final Mix featuring the character Cloud Strife costume from the original Kingdom Hearts.[98] Final Mix topped the video game charts following its release with 77,317 units sold in the first week, and reaching 106,276 in February 2011.[99][100]
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