The List of World Health Organization Essential Medicines is a model list of essential medicines created by the World Health Organization. This list is based on the 17th edition from March 2011.[1]
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The List of World Health Organization Essential Medicines is a model list of essential medicines created by the World Health Organization. This list is based on the 17th edition from March 2011.[1]
The list was first published in 1977 and is updated every two years.[2] The 16th edition for adults and the second edition for children were released in March 2009.[3][4] The 17th edition for adults and the third edition for children were released in March 2011.[5][6]
Anaesthetics[edit]
General anaesthetics and oxygen[edit]
Inhalational medicines[edit]
Injectable medicines[edit]
Local anaesthetics[edit]
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures[edit]
Analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs), medicines used to treat gout and disease modifying agents in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)[edit]
Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)[edit]
Opioid analgesics[edit]
Medicines to treat gout[edit]
Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)[edit]
Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis[edit]
- Chlorphenamine
- Dexamethasone
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisolone
Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings[edit]
Non-specific[edit]
Specific[edit]
- Acetylcysteine
- Atropine
- Calcium gluconate
- Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
- Naloxone
- Penicillamine
- Potassium ferric hexacyano‐ferrate(II) ‐ 2H20 (Prussian blue)
- Sodium nitrite
- Sodium thiosulfate
- Deferoxamine †
- Dimercaprol †
- Sodium calcium edetate †
- Succimer †
Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics[edit]
- Carbamazepine
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
- Magnesium sulfate
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
- Ethosuximide †
Anti-infective medicines[edit]
Antihelminthics[edit]
Intestinal antihelminthics[edit]
Antifilarials[edit]
Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines[edit]
Antibacterials[edit]
Beta Lactam medicines[edit]
- Amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
- Ampicillin
- Benzathine benzylpenicillin
- Benzylpenicillin
- Cefalexin
- Cefazolin
- Cefixime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cloxacillin
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin
- Procaine benzylpenicillin
- Cefotaxime †
- Ceftazidime †
- Imipenem/cilastatin (Imipenem + cilastatin) †
Other antibacterials[edit]
- Azithromycin
- Chloramphenicol
- Ciprofloxacin
- Clarithromycin
- Doxycycline
- Erythromycin
- Gentamicin
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Spectinomycin
- Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
- Trimethoprim
- Clindamycin †
- Vancomycin †
Antileprosy medicines[edit]
Antituberculosis medicines[edit]
- Ethambutol
- Ethambutol + isoniazid
- Ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
- Ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin
- Isoniazid
- Isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin
- Isoniazid + rifampicin
- Pyrazinamide
- Rifabutin
- Rifampicin
- Streptomycin
- Amikacin †
- Capreomycin †
- Cycloserine †
- Ethionamide †
- Kanamycin †
- Ofloxacin †[note 2]
- p-aminosalicylic acid †
Antifungal medicines[edit]
Antiviral medicines[edit]
Antiherpes medicines[edit]
Antiretrovirals[edit]
Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors[edit]
- Abacavir (ABC)
- Didanosine (ddI)
- Emtricitabine (FTC)
- Lamivudine (3TC)
- Stavudine (d4T)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
- Zidovudine (ZDV or AZT)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors[edit]
- Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
- Nevirapine (NVP)
Protease inhibitors[edit]
- Atazanavir
- Indinavir (IDV)
- Lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r)
- Ritonavir
- Saquinavir (SQV)
Fixed-dose combinations[edit]
- Efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir
- Emtricitabine + tenofovir
- Lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine
- Lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine
- Lamivudine + Zidovudine
Other antivirals[edit]
Antiprotozoal medicines[edit]
Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines[edit]
Antileishmaniasis medicines[edit]
Antimalarial medicines[edit]
For curative treatment[edit]
- Amodiaquine
- Artemether
- Artemether + lumefantrine
- Artesunate
- Chloroquine
- Doxycycline
- Mefloquine
- Primaquine
- Quinine
- Sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
For prophylaxis[edit]
Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines[edit]
Antitrypanosomal medicines[edit]
African trypanosomiasis[edit]
Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis[edit]
Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis[edit]
American trypanosomiasis[edit]
Antimigraine medicines[edit]
For treatment of acute attack[edit]
For prophylaxis[edit]
Antineoplastic, immunosuppressives and medicines used in palliative care[edit]
Immunosuppressive medicines[edit]
Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines[edit]
- Allopurinol †
- Asparaginase †
- Bleomycin †
- Calcium folinate †
- Carboplatin †
- Chlorambucil †
- Cyclophosphamide †
- Cytarabine †
- Dacarbazine †
- Dactinomycin †
- Daunorubicin †
- Docetaxel †
- Doxorubicin †
- Etoposide †
- Fluorouracil †
- Hydroxycarbamide †
- Ifosfamide †
- Mercaptopurine †
- Mesna †
- Methotrexate †
- Paclitaxel †
- Procarbazine †
- Thioguanine †
- Vinblastine †
- Vincristine †
Hormones and antihormones[edit]
Medicines used in palliative care[edit]
- Amitriptyline
- Cyclizine
- Dexamethasone
- Diazepam
- Docusate sodium
- Fluoxetine
- Hyoscine hydrobromide
- Ibuprofen
- Lactulose
- Midazolam
- Morphine
- Ondansetron
- Senna
Antiparkinsonism medicines[edit]
Medicines affecting the blood[edit]
Antianaemia medicines[edit]
Medicines affecting coagulation[edit]
Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies[edit]
Blood products and plasma substitutes[edit]
Plasma substitutes[edit]
- Dextran 70
Plasma fractions for specific use[edit]
- Factor VIII concentrate †
- Factor IX complex (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X) concentrate †
- Human normal immunoglobulin †
Cardiovascular medicines[edit]
Antianginal medicines[edit]
Antiarrhythmic medicines[edit]
- Bisoprolol[note 4]
- Digoxin
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Lidocaine
- Verapamil
- Amiodarone †
Antihypertensive medicines[edit]
- Amlodipine
- Bisoprolol[note 5]
- Enalapril
- Hydralazine
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Methyldopa
- Sodium nitroprusside †
Medicines used in heart failure[edit]
Antithrombotic medicines[edit]
Lipid-lowering agents[edit]
Dermatological medicines (topical)[edit]
Antifungal medicines[edit]
Anti-infective medicines[edit]
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines[edit]
Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation[edit]
Scabicides and pediculicides[edit]
Diagnostic agents[edit]
Ophthalmic medicines[edit]
Radiocontrast media[edit]
Disinfectants and antiseptics[edit]
Antiseptics[edit]
Disinfectants[edit]
- Chlorine base compound
- Chloroxylenol
- Glutaral
Diuretics[edit]
Gastrointestinal medicines[edit]
Antiulcer medicines[edit]
Antiemetic medicines[edit]
Anti-inflammatory medicines[edit]
Laxatives[edit]
Medicines used in diarrhoea[edit]
Oral rehydration[edit]
Medicines for diarrhoea in children[edit]
Hormones, other endocrine medicines and contraceptives[edit]
Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes[edit]
Androgens[edit]
Contraceptives[edit]
Oral hormonal contraceptives[edit]
Injectable hormonal contraceptives[edit]
- Estradiol cypionate + Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Norethisterone enantate
Intrauterine devices[edit]
Barrier methods[edit]
Implantable contraceptives[edit]
- Levonorgestrel-releasing implant
Estrogens[edit]
Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes[edit]
- Glibenclamide
- Glucagon
- Insulin injection (soluble)
- Intermediate-acting insulin
- Metformin
Ovulation inducers[edit]
Progestogens[edit]
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines[edit]
Immunologicals[edit]
Diagnostic agents[edit]
Sera and immunoglobulins[edit]
- Anti‐D immunoglobulin (human)
- Antitetanus immunoglobulin (human)
- Antivenom immunoglobulin
- Diphtheria antitoxin
- Rabies immunoglobulin
Vaccines[edit]
- BCG vaccine
- Cholera vaccine
- Diphtheria vaccine
- Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- Hepatitis A vaccine
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- Influenza vaccine
- Japanese encephalitis vaccine
- Measles vaccine
- Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
- Mumps vaccine
- Pertussis vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Poliomyelitis vaccine
- Rabies vaccine
- Rotavirus vaccine
- Rubella vaccine
- Tetanus vaccine
- Typhoid vaccine
- Varicella vaccine
- Yellow fever vaccine
Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors[edit]
Ophthalmological preparations[edit]
Anti-infective agents[edit]
Anti-inflammatory agents[edit]
Local anesthetics[edit]
Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines[edit]
Mydriatics[edit]
- Atropine
- Epinephrine (adrenaline) †
Oxytocics and antioxytocics[edit]
Oxytocics[edit]
Antioxytocics (tocolytics)[edit]
Peritoneal dialysis solution[edit]
- Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition) †
Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders[edit]
Medicines used in psychotic disorders[edit]
Medicines used in mood disorders[edit]
Medicines used in depressive disorders[edit]
Medicines used in bipolar disorders[edit]
Medicines for anxiety disorders[edit]
Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders[edit]
Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use[edit]
Medicines acting on the respiratory tract[edit]
Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[edit]
- Beclomethasone
- Budesonide
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Ipratropium bromide
- Salbutamol
Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances[edit]
Oral[edit]
Parenteral[edit]
- Glucose
- Glucose with sodium chloride
- Potassium chloride
- Sodium chloride
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Sodium lactate, compound solution
Miscellaneous[edit]
- Water for injection
Vitamins and minerals[edit]
- Ascorbic acid
- Cholecalciferol[note 7]
- Ergocalciferol
- Iodine
- Nicotinamide
- Pyridoxine
- Retinol
- Riboflavin
- Sodium fluoride
- Thiamine
- Calcium gluconate †
Ear, nose and throat conditions in children[edit]
Specific medicines for neonatal care[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ A † indicates the medicine is a complementary item, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring and/or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs and/or a less attractive cost/benefit ratio.
- ^ Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.
- ^ Levofloxacin may be an alternative based on availability and programme considerations.
- ^ Includes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives.
- ^ Includes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives.
- ^ Includes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives.
- ^ Includes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives.
- ^ Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
References[edit]
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 17th list (March 2011)" (PDF). World Health Organization. March 2011. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
- ^ WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 16th edition (March 2009)" (PDF). World Health Organization. March 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children, second edition (March 2009)" (PDF). World Health Organization. March 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 17th edition (March 2011)". World Health Organization (WHO). March 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
- ^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children, third edition (March 2011)". World Health Organization (WHO). March 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
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