From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For processes by which rocks are formed, see Formation of rocks. For the lithostratigraphic term 'formation', see Lithostratigraphy.
This is a list of rock formations that include isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrops. These formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock. The term 'rock formation' can also refer to specific sedimentary strata or other rock unit in stratigraphic and petrologic studies.
A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination:
- Sedimentary rocks are created by a variety of processes but usually involving deposition, grain by grain, layer by layer, in water or, in the case of terrestrial sediments, on land through the action of wind or sometimes moving ice. Erosion later exposes them in their current form. An example is Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah.
- Metamorphic rocks are created by rocks that have been transformed into another kind of rock, usually by some combination of heat, pressure and chemical alteration. An example are the Seneca Rocks in West Virginia.
- Igneous rocks are created when molten rock cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization. They may be either plutonic bodies or volcanic extrusives. Again, erosive forces sculpt their current forms. An example is Half Dome in Yosemite National Park.
Geologists have created a number of terms to describe different rock structures in the landscape that can be formed by natural processes:
- Inselberg or monadnock is a residual relief feature. It can be an isolated hill, a knob, ridge or small mountain that rises abruptly, like an island, from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. Inselberg is a German word that means "island mountain". Uluru/Ayers Rock in Australia is a noted example.
- Peak
- Stack
- Mesa
- Butte
- Escarpment
- Gorge
- Sea cliff
- River cliff
- Stone run
- Crag
- Tor
- Promontory is a prominent mass of land which overlooks lower lying land or a body of water.
Asia [edit]
Armenia [edit]
China [edit]
- Yun Meng Mountains, Beijing, China
- Guilin, China
- Amah Rock, Hong Kong
- Lion Rock, New Kowloon/New Territories, Hong Kong
Jordan [edit]
- Petra, Amman, Jordan
- Wadi Rum Desert, Jordan
India [edit]
- Jabalpur Marble Rocks, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Face Rock, Deccan, Hyderabad, India
- Yana, India
Iran [edit]
Israel [edit]
- Rosh Hanikra, Israel
- Timna Arch, Eilat, Israel
- Karnei Hittim, Israel
Japan [edit]
- Yonaguni Monument, the coast of Yonaguni, Japan
- Yoichi, Hokkaidō, Japan
Lebanon [edit]
- Cape Lithoprosopon, Lebanon
- Raouché, Beirut, Lebanon
Mongolia [edit]
- Taikhar Chuluu, Arkhangai Aimag, Mongolia
- Turtle Rock, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, Töv Aimag/Nalaikh, Mongolia
Philippines [edit]
- Biri Islands, Northern Samar, Philippines
- Sitio Lugsangan, Barangay Tabon, Cebu, Philippines
Thailand [edit]
- Grandfather and Grandmother stone, Ko Samui
- James Bond Island, Phang Nga
- Lalu (ละลุ), rock formations caused by erosion at the eastern end of the Sankamphaeng Range in Sa Kaeo Province
- Phae Mueang Phi ("Ghost Canyon") near Phrae in the Phi Pan Nam Range
- Phu Phra Bat Buabok in Udon Thani Province
Turkey [edit]
- Paşabağı, Cappadocia, Turkey
- Goreme National Park, Turkey
Yemen [edit]
- Wadi Dhar, Yemen
- Bani Al Harit, Saana, Yemen
Other countries [edit]
- Gobustan National Park, Azerbaijan
- Kyaiktiyo Pagoda, Mon State, Burma
- Aphrodite's Rock, Paphos, Cyprus
- Tanah Lot, Bali, Indonesia
- Jeti-Ögüz, Jeti-Ögüz district, Kyrgyzstan
- Tanjong Bunga, Penang, Malaysia
- Long Ya Men, Singapore
- Seorak-san National Park, Sokcho, South Korea
- Yehliu, Taiwan
- Halong Bay, Vietnam
Africa [edit]
Algeria [edit]
- Tamanrasset
- Tassili Mountains
Angola [edit]
- Benguela Province
- Iona, Tombwa
Burkina Faso [edit]
- Doumes de Fabedougou
- Pic du Sindou
Cameroon [edit]
- Kola Gorge
Egypt [edit]
- Khaboba
- Thebes
- Esna shale
- Nubian sand stone
Eritrea [edit]
- Decemhare
Kenya [edit]
- Tsavo Rocks
Libya [edit]
- Akakus Mountains
Madagascar [edit]
- Andringitra Massif
- Isalo National Park
- Tsingy d'Ankarana
- Tsingy de Bemaraha
- Tsingy de Namoroka
- Tsingy Rouge
Malawi [edit]
- Makuzi Beach, Chintheche yui
Mali [edit]
- Massif des Aguilles de Garmi
Mauritania [edit]
Morocco [edit]
- Siroua Mountains
- Tafraoute
Namibia [edit]
- Bogenfels
- Vingerklip, Damaraland
- Waterberg Plateau
Niger [edit]
- Geuzzam
Nigeria [edit]
- Olumo Rock, Abeokuta[1]
- Riyom Rock, Jos
- Zuma Rock, Abuja
Seychelles [edit]
- Anse Source d'Argent, La Digue
South Africa [edit]
- Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Western Cape
- Kagga Kamma, Ceres, Western Cape
- Three Sisters (Northern Cape)
Sudan [edit]
- Burget Tuyur, Selima
Tunisia [edit]
- Chebika Rock
- Tamazrat
Zimbabwe [edit]
- Domboshava Rocks
- Maleme Dam, Matobos
- Motombo Rock Formations
North America [edit]
United States of America [edit]
Main article: Rock formations in the United States
Canada [edit]
- Agawa Bay, Lake Superior, Ontario
- Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick
- Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick
- Gabriola Island, British Columbia
- Brady's Beach, Bamfield, British Columbia
- Chimney Rock, Marble Canyon, British Columbia
- Heron Rocks, Hornby Island, British Columbia
- Percé Rock, Gaspé, Quebec
- Tete d'Indien, Perce, Gaspé, Quebec
- Balancing Rock, Long Island, Nova Scotia
- Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia
- Banff National Park, Alberta
- Drumheller, Alberta
- Main Topsail Hill, near Gaff Topsails, Newfoundland and Labrador
- Arches, St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador
- Elephant Rock, Prince Edward Island
- Giant's Chair, Howard's Cove, Prince Edward Island
- Victoria Rock, Yukon
- Walsh, Alberta, see Medicine Hat, Alberta
- Siwash Rock, Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Sleeping Giant, Ontario
Caribbean [edit]
- Ayo Rock Formations, Aruba
- Casibari Boulders, Aruba
- Guajataca, Puerto Rico
- Devil's Trail, Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands
- The Baths, Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands
- Coki Beach, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands
- Governor's Harbor, Eleuthera, Bahamas
- Ile a Vache, Cayes, Haiti
- Tent Bay, Barbados
- Pointe des Châteaux, Grande Terre, Guadeloupe
- Malendure Rock, Basse Terre, Guadeloupe
- Diamond Rock, Torrens Point, Saba, Netherlands Antilles
- Diamond Rock (Rocher du Diamant), Martinique
- Stonehaven Bay, Tobago
- Sandy Beach, Saint Lucia
- Las Cuevas Bay Trinidad
Mexico [edit]
- Piedras Encimidas Valley, Zacatlán, Puebla, Mexico
- Peña de Bernal, Bernal Mexico
- Copper Canyon, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Los Arcos Rocks, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Central America [edit]
- Bosque del Cabo, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica
- Los PENES (bricks), Boquete, Panama[2]
South America [edit]
Argentina [edit]
- Quebrada de Humahuaca, Humahuaca
- Ongamira Valley, Córdoba, Argentina
- Ischigualasto, San Juan Province, Argentina
- Monte Fitz Roy, El Chalten, Argentina CA
Bolivia [edit]
- Dali's Desert, Potosi
- Valle de Las Rocas, Uyuni
- Canon de Duene
Brazil [edit]
- Ponta Grossa, Brazil
- Pedro do Jacare, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dedo de Deus (God's Finger Rock), Serra dos Órgãos, Brazil
- Pedra do Cão Sentado, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Pedra da Galinha Choca, Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil
Chile [edit]
- Valle de la Luna, Antofagasta, Chile
- Playa de la Calabocillos, Constitucion, Chile
- Silla del Diablo, Chile
Colombia [edit]
- El Peñón de Guatapé (La Piedra de Peñol), Antioquia, Colombia
- Laguna de La Plaza, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia
Ecuador [edit]
- Cerro de Arcos, Loja, Ecuador
- Pinnacle Rock, Bartolome Island, Galapagos Islands
Falkland Islands [edit]
Paraguay [edit]
Peru [edit]
Uruguay [edit]
Venezuela [edit]
- Tepui, Roraima, Canaima National Park
- Piedras de San Martin, La Vela de Coro, Estado Falcón
Europe [edit]
Bosnia and Herzegovina [edit]
- Hajdučka vrata, Čvrsnica mountain [1]
Bulgaria [edit]
Main article: Rock formations in Bulgaria
- Basarbovo Monastery, Rousse
- Belogradchik Rocks
- Iskar Gorge, Sofia
- Melnik, Sandanski
- Sozopol
- Wonderful Bridges
- Golden Bridges (‘Zlatnite Mostove’), Vitosha
- Golyamata Gramada (‘Big Pile’), Vitosha
- Pobiti Kamani
Croatia [edit]
- Bijele stijene (White Rocks) and Samarske stijene (Samar Rocks), Bjelolasica mountain [2]
Czech Republic [edit]
- Teplice nad Metují
- Medvědí Stezka (Bear's path), Šumava mountains, Klatovy
- Vraní skála, Brdy
- Suché skály, Turnov
- Hruboskalsko
Denmark [edit]
- Bornholm
- Fur Formation
- Møns Klint, Møn
- Gedser Odde, Gedser
- Stevns Klint, Østsjælland
- Sangstrup, Djursland
Estonia [edit]
- Vormsi island
Finland [edit]
- Narpes
- Naantali
France [edit]
- Roussillon, Vaucluse
- Lesconil, Brittany
- Les Calanche, Corsica
- Rocher des Doms, Avignon
- Étretat, Normandy
- Cassis, near Marseille, Provence
Germany [edit]
- List of rock formations in the Harz
- Externsteine
- Falkenfelsen
- Rotenfels, Nahe, Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg, Rhineland-Palatinate
- Teufelsturm, Elbe Sandstone Mountains
- Wasgau
Greece [edit]
- Meteora
- Monemvasia
- Samaria Gorge, Crete
- Sarti, Sithonia
Gibraltar [edit]
Bailiwick of Guernsey [edit]
- Les Autelets, Sark, Channel Islands
- Telegraph Bay, Alderney, Channel Islands
Iceland [edit]
- Vestmannaeyjar
- Jokulsa Canyon National Park, Mývatn
- Dimmuborgir, Mývatn
- Dyrhólaey
- Eystrahorn, Hvalnes
Ireland [edit]
- Beara Peninsula, Bantry, County Cork
- Blarney Stone
- Skellig Rocks, Iveragh Peninsula, County Kerry
- Gap of Dunloe, Killarney, County Kerry
- Tory Island, County Donegal
- Achill Island, County Mayo
- Answering Stone, County Waterford
Italy [edit]
- Il Gargano, Vieste, Apulia
- Palmarola, Sicily
- Valle Seriana, Bergamo, Lombardy
- Golfo di Orosei,Cala Luna, Monte Tiscali, Sardinia
- Tarpeian Rock
Latvia [edit]
- Vidzeme
- Pusena Kalns, Bartava
Malta [edit]
Isle of Man [edit]
Norway [edit]
- Skude, Beiningen, Haugaland
- Geirangerfjord
- Preikestolen
- Kjerag
- Troll Wall
- Nigardsbreen, part of the larger glacier Jostedalsbreen
- Sommarøy, Tromsø
- Jutulhogget (Rondane)
Poland [edit]
- Sloneczna
- Ciężkowice
- Zielone Wzgorze, Piechowice
- Dolina Koscieliska, Western Tatras
- Dunajec Gorge, Zakopane
Portugal [edit]
Romania [edit]
- Babacai, at the entrance of Danube's Iron Gate[3]
- Lacu Roşu, Transylvania
- Bicaz Gorges, Neamţ County
- Detunatele, Ceahlău
- Cheile Dobrogei, Târguşor
Russia [edit]
- Tuapse, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
- Monrepo Park, Vyborg, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Taganay National Park, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Stolby National Park, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia[4]
- Kamen Shahtai, Lake Baikal, Russia
- Sail Rock, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
Serbia [edit]
- Đavolja Varoš (Devil's Town)[5]
- Prskalo waterfall, Kučaj mountains[6]
Spain [edit]
- Los Roques de Garcia, Tenerife, Canary Islands
- Las Canades, Tenerife, Canary Islands
- Ciudad Encantada, Cuenca
- Picuezo and Picueza in Autol, La Rioja
- Fuente de los Azulejos, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
- El Torcal, Antequera, Málaga, Andalusia
- Roque Nublo, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands
- Montserrat, Catalonia
- Roques de Benet, in the Ports de Beseit
- Los Callejones de Las Majadas in the Serranía de Cuenca
- El Guerrero Romano in the Sierra Carrascosa, Aragon
- Mallos de Riglos in Aragon
- Peña Bajenza in La Rioja
Sweden [edit]
- The islands Gotland, Fårö and Öland has many coastal stretches with stack formations.
- Busten, Glaskogens Nature Reserve, Kalleboda
- Stegborgsgarden, Stegborg
- Stenhamra, Uppland
Switzerland [edit]
- Bastei
- Mount Pilatus
- Val dal Botsch
Slovakia [edit]
- Lehotské skaly, near Handlová
- Haligovské skaly, near Stará Ľubovňa
- Súľovské skaly (part of the Súľovské vrchy Mountains)
- Zelené Pleso Valley (in the High Tatras)
- Devin Castle, Devin
Ukraine [edit]
- Hoverla, Carpathian Mountains
- Nikita, Ukraine, Yalta
- Skaly Taraktasky, Crimea
- Karadag, Crimea
- Fiolent, Sevastopol
United Kingdom [edit]
Main article: Rock formations in the United Kingdom
Oceania [edit]
Australia [edit]
- Kata Tjuta, also known as The Olgas, Northern Territory, Australia
- Twelve Apostles, Great Ocean Road, Victoria, Australia
- Remarkable Rocks, South Australia
- Wave Rock, Hyden, Western Australia
- Murphys Haystacks, Nullarbor Desert, Western Australia
- Uluru, Northern Territory, Australia
- Pinnacles Desert, Nambung National Park, Western Australia
- Devils Marbles, Northern Territory, Australia
- Mount Augustus, Western Australia
- The Three Sisters, Katoomba - Blue Mountains, New South Wales
New Zealand [edit]
- Castle Hill Basin, Canterbury
- Koutu Boulders, Hokianga
- Maori Bay giant pillow lava, Muriwai
- Lion Rock, Piha
- Moeraki Boulders, Otago
- The Nuggets, Nugget Point, Otago
- Pancake Rocks, Punakaiki
- Putangirua Pinnacles, Wairarapa
- Stony Batter, Waiheke Island
- Truman Track Beach, Punakaiki
- Horeke basalts, Hokianga
- Gog and Magog, southern Stewart Island/Rakiura
Other countries [edit]
- Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
- Talava Arches, Niue, South Pacific
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Olumo Rock website
- ^ "Escalando el Gunko de Boquete" (in Spanish). El Chiricano. 2007-06-04.
- ^ Babacai Rock, Wikimapia/www.banaterra.eu
- ^ Красноярские Столбы
- ^ The Djavolja Varos (Devil's Town) Natural Landmark, UNESCO World Heritage
- ^ "Vodopad Prskalo" (in Serbian). FreeBiking.org.
External links [edit]
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