List of voids

This is a list of voids. Voids are particularly galaxy-poor volumes of space between filaments, making up the large-scale structure of the universe. Some voids are known as supervoids.

1 Voids and Supervoids
2 Voids by search or survey
3 References
4 Notes
5 See also

[edit] Voids and Supervoids

[edit] Named Voids

Name	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre	Dimensions	Notes
Local Void	18^h 38^m +18°	cz=2500 km/s	Diameter = 60 Mpc	^[1]
Northern Local Supervoid		61Mpc	Diameter = 104 Mpc	Virgo Supercluster, Coma Supercluster, Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, Ursa Major-Lynx Supercluster, Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, Sculptor Supercluster, Pavo-Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid.^[2] The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Bootes Void.^[2] The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.^[2]
Southern Local Supervoid		96Mpc	Diameter = 112 Mpc	Virgo Supercluster, Coma Supercluster, Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, Ursa Major-Lynx Supercluster, Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, Sculptor Supercluster, Pavo-Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid.^[2] The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.^[2]
Giant Void	13^h 01^m +38.7°	z=0.116	Diameter = 300-400 Mpc	"Giant Void in NGH" or "AR-Lp 36" ; NGH stands for "Northern Galactic Hemisphere" ; discovered in 1988 ^[3] It is the largest void in the NGH where z<0.14 ^[4]
^[5]^[6]

[edit] Voids designated by their constellation

Name	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre	Dimensions	Data	Notes
Bootes Void (Great Void)	14^h 20^m 26°	150Mpc	Diameter = 100 Mpc		The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Bootes Void.^[2] The Hercules Supercluster thus forms part of the near edge of the Bootes Void.^[7]
Canis Major Void
Columba Void
Coma Void					Discovered in 1975, along with the Coma Supercluster, it lies in front of the Coma Cluster.^[8] It was the first void to be discovered, and is approximately 1/3 as far away as the much larger Bootes Void.^[9]
Corona Borealis Void
Eridanus Void					This void is separated from the Sculptor void by a sheet of galaxies.^[10]
Eridanus Supervoid (Great Void)	03^h 15^m 05^s −19° 35′ 02″	z=1	Diameter = 150 Mpc		The claimed Eridanus Supervoid or "Great Void", reported on 24 August 2007 by the NRAO from Very Large Array Sky Survey data.^[11] This void, if real, would be much larger than the others listed here, being about 300/h Mpc in diameter and 1800–3000/h Mpc distant (where h is the Hubble constant). It would be associated with (and be the explanation of) a cold spot in the cosmic microwave background at the sky location. The evidence for such a "Great Void" is disputed by Smith and Huterer.^[12] They showed that the claims made of observational evidence for such a void from survey data neglected systematic effects, and did not account for a posteriori choices made in analyzing data.
Southern Eridanus Void					The Southern Eridanus void is connected to the Eridanus void by a hole in the distribution of galaxies separating the two. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Southern Eridanus voids the size of (redshift) 1250 km/s appears to exist.^[10]
Fornax Void
Hercules Void	15.5^h +30°	cz=7000 km/s	Diameter = 3100 km/s		^[13] discovered in 1979 ^[7]^[14]
Hydra Void					The Hydra Void lies beyond the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster ^[15]
Leo Void	11^h 30^m 0°	cz=4000 km/s			^[15]
Microscopium Void					A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Microscopium voids the size of (redshift) 1250 km/s appears to exist. This is roughly 1/2 of Microscopium's diameter.^[10]
Ophiucus Void	near 17^h -25°	less than 5000 km/s (the outer limit)	perhaps 0–5000 km/s	25% of average universe density is the void density of matter	The far end of this void is defined by the Ophiucus Supercluster ^[16]
Pegasus Void	22^h +15°	cz=5500 km/s	Diameter = 40 Mpc		^[17] The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.^[2]
Perseus-Pisces Void	1^h +10°	cz=8000 km/s	Diameter = 3000 km/s		Discovered in 1980,^[14] it is also called the Perseus Void
Sagittarius Void
Sculptor Void	23^h 48^m -24° 39′		Diameter = 34.8 Mpc/h		Corresponds to SRSS1 Void 3 and SRSS2 Void 5 ^[18] This void is separated from the Eridanus Void by a sheet of galaxies. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Microscopium Voids the size of 1250 km/s appears to exist. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Southern Eridanus Voids the size of 1250 km/s appears to exist.^[10] The Sculptor Void lies next to the Southern Wall or Southern Great Wall.
Taurus Void			Diameter = 100 Mly		The Taurus Void appears large and circular, and has walls of galaxies surrounding it. It lies next to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster, and is the most visually identifiable. Several galaxies have been found to reside in the void, such as UGC 2627 and UGC 2629, both approximately 185 million light years away.^[19]
^[5]^[6]

[edit] Other voids

Designation	Location	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre	Diameter	Dimensions	Notes
Bahcall & Soneiro 1982 void	z = 0.03 — 0.08				150 h⁻¹Mpc deep 300 h⁻¹Mpc wide 60 h⁻¹Mpc tall	^[20] This suspected void ranged 100 degrees across the sky, and has shown up on other surveys as several separate voids.

[edit] Voids by search or survey

[edit] Tully list

In 1985, Tully determined a local dominant supercluster plane, and found the Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex.^[21]

#	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre (h⁻¹Mpc)	Diameter (h⁻¹Mpc)	Notes
1	17.0^h 80°	90	140
2	21.0^h -7°	100	136
3	8.6^h +13°	150	150
4	21.5^h +5°	170	173
5	14.3^h +52°	180	158	Bootes Void
6	23.0^h -16°	190	171
7	12.8^h +14°	190	174
8	10.0^h +35°	250	170
9	2.6^h -11°	280	229
10	8.7^h +58°	310	243
11	16.8^h +5°	310	270

[edit] B&B Abell-derived list

In a 1985 study of Abell clusters, 29 voids were determined, in the sphere z<0.1 around us.^[22]

#	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre (h⁻¹Mpc)	Diameter (h⁻¹Mpc)	Notes
1	0.0^h +20°	293	100
2	0.3^h 0°	276	100
3	0.7^h +10°	284	100
4	2.0^h -13°	275	150
5	8.0^h +60°	300	100
6	9.0^h +18°	220	100
7	9.0^h +67°	180	120
8	9.2^h +26°	137	140
9	9.5^h +45°	262	200
10	9.8^h 0°	285	110
11	9.8^h +35°	219	110
12	10.8^h -10°	293	120
13	12.0^h +14°	206	110
14	12.3^h 0°	276	100
15	12.4^h -12°	272	150
16	12.5^h +32°	237	100
17	12.9^h +64°	105	110
18	13.6^h +35°	154	200	Bootes Void
19	13.8^h +20°	297	110
20	14.2^h -4°	265	210
21	14.7^h +70°	283	160
22	15.2^h +42°	286	140
23	16.0^h +7°	295	110
24	16.4^h +41°	291	130
25	16.5^h +59°	110	100
26	17.2^h +58°	237	100
27	22.2^h -2°	155	130
28	22.5^h 5°	284	160
29	23.5^h -7°	203	120

[edit] SSRS1 list

A redshift survey of galaxies in the southern sky in 1988, out to a distance of 120 Mpc/h, revealed some voids.^[23]

#	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre (V)	Dimensions W x H x D (h⁻¹Mpc)	Constellation	Notes
1	1.5^h -50°	3000 km/s	30 x 30 x 40	Phoenix/Eridanus	Located just behind the galaxy concentration in Eridanus-Fornax-Dorado
2	21^h -25°	5000 km/s	30 x 30 x 30	Capricornus/Microscopium
3	23.5^h -35°	6000 km/s	70 x 30 x 50	Sculptor/Grus
4	4^h -40°	9000 km/s	50 x 100 x 50	Horologium/Eridanus

[edit] SSRS2 list

In 1994, a redshift survey in the southern sky identified 18 voids, 11 of which are major voids.^[18]

#	Coordinates of the centre	Distance to the centre (r)	Diameter (h⁻¹Mpc)	Constellation	Notes
1	1^h 33^m -16° 45′	85.7	54.3	Cetus	major void
2	3^h 34^m -28° 50′	99.7	56.2	Fornax	major void SRSS1 Void 4
3	22^h 25^m -14° 46′	107.2	60.8	Aquarius	major void
4	21^h 43^m -14° 40′	66.7	35.6	Capricornus	major void
5	23^h 48^m -24° 39′	53.0	34.8	Aquarius/Sculptor	major void SRSS1 Void 3 (Sculptor Void)
6	3^h 56^m -20° 11′	56.5	32.0	Eridanus	major void
7	3^h 17^m -11° 40′	77.2	25.5	Eridanus	major void
8	23^h 20^m -12° 32′	83.9	27.8	Aquarius	major void
9	3^h 06^m -13° 47′	114.6	39.0	Eridanus	major void
10	0^h 26^m -9° 17′	104.7	34.8	Cetus	major void
11	0^h 21^m -29° 43′	112.8	42.9	Sculptor	major void
12	23^h 03^m -32° 35′	74.8	25.0	Piscis Austrinus/Sculptor
13	1^h 23^m -19° 36′	31.0	22.1	Cetus	SRSS1 Void 1
14	21^h 28^m -29° 28′	87.2	21.3	Piscis Austrinus/Microscopium
15	21^h 24^m -33° 17′	116.1	27.3	Microscopium
16	21^h 43^m -18° 41′	36.5	20.3	Capricornus
17	3^h 42^m -21° 21′	32.1	19.0	Eridanus
18	4^h 18^m -8° 42′	85.9	21.1	Eridanus

[edit] 1994 EEDTA Whole Sky Survey

A 1994 census lists a total of 27 supervoids within a cube of 740 Mpc a side, centered on us (z=0.1 distant sphere).^[24]

#	Coordinates (B1950.0) of the centre	Distance (Mpc/h) to the centre	Diameter (Mpc/h) ^{[Note 1]}	Notes
1	19.0° -57.1°	134	88
2	28.2° -12.3°	207	96
3	34.8° -61.9°	216	72
4	36.6° -33.5°	241	86
5	37.8° -36.1°	129	92
6	46.0° -21.4°	236	72
7	62.0° -8.0°	248	100
8	71.2° -38.3°	201	76
9	121.7° -1.5°	96	112	Southern Local Supervoid
10	130.0° +49.3°	246	144
11	140.4° +10.5°	160	92
12	146.9° +27.4°	227	106
13	153.1° -11.4°	246	94
14	159.9° +1.2°	167	68
15	161.6° -32.2°	241	98
16	167.4° +22.8°	222	74
17	186.9° -15.6°	216	94
18	196.8° +9.5°	119	102
19	204.8° +35.7°	119	108
20	214.6° +13.6°	216	78	Boötes void (Great Void)
21	216.7° +56.5°	143	116
22	219.8° +57.9°	246	96
23	220.2° +33.9°	219	72
24	256.1° -4.8°	61	104	Northern Local Supervoid
25	353.0° -59.4°	198	74
26	356.6° +22.2°	246	80
27	358.9° -33.1°	241	70

[edit] Galactic Anti-Center IRAS search

In a 1995 study of IRAS data looking for large-scale structure in the Galactic Anticenter in the Zone of Avoidance, four voids were discovered.^[25]

#	Coordinates of the centre (B1950.0)	Distance to the centre (km/s)	Dimensions ( degrees x degrees x km/s )	Notes
V0	5.2^h +18°	1000	96x36x2000
V1	3.5^h +18°	3750	15x36x3500	V1 and V2 are connected, and block the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster from traversing the Zone of Avoidance
V2	3.5^h +29°	8000	25x14x2000	V1 and V2 are connected, and block the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster from traversing the Zone of Avoidance
V3	8.0^h +10°	7000	30x20x2000	This void lies in front of the CfA2 Great Wall

[edit] IRAS list

Analysis of the IRAS redshift survey in 1997 revealed 24 voids, 12 of which were termed "significant" ^[26]

#	Supergalactic Coordinates to the centre (r,X,Y,Z)	Diameter (h⁻¹Mpc)	Notes
1	(55.2,-10.4,-53.8,6.1)	51.0	significant void
2	(49.6,-25.3,31.4,-28.9)	43.8	significant void
3	(46.0,-24.8,26.7,28.1)	44.5	significant void
4	(46.5,8.7,24.7,38.4)	45.0	significant void Local Void
5	(32.0,-13.0,-23.9,-16.9)	36.0	significant void
6	(51.5,17.0,-32.2,36.4)	41.4	significant void
7	(57.1,31.2,44.9,16.5)	43.5	significant void
8	(60.4,-25.8,-22.7,-49.7)	39.5	significant void
9	(49.8,35.9,-25.6,-23.0)	36.0	significant void
10	(63.3,-48.0,-40.9,6.0)	33.6	significant void Sculptor Void
11	(48.6,11.8,46.6,-6.9)	32.0	significant void
12	(49.9,-15.6,-35.7,31.3)	31.5	significant void
13	(62.8,14.2,29.3,-53.7)	40.3
14	(19.0,0.7,-16.4,9.6)	28.8
15	(37.6,32.4,-17.0,8.6)	30.4	Perseus-Pisces Void

[edit] References

^ Nakanishi, Kouichiro; Takata, Tadafumi; Yamada, Toru; Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.; Shiroya, Ryuichi; Miyazawa, Morio; Watanabe, Shigeo; Saito, Mamoru (1997) "Search and Redshift Survey for IRAS Galaxies behind the Milky Way and Structure of the Local Void" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal Supplement, v.112, p.245 Bibcode: 1997ApJS..112..245N doi:10.1086/313039
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Einasto, Jaan; Einasto, Maret; Gramann, Mirt (1989) "Structure and formation of superclusters. IX - Self-similarity of voids" (PDF) Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711), vol. 238, May 1, 1989, p. 155-177. Bibcode: 1989MNRAS.238..155E
^ "The Northern Cone of Metagalaxy" (Kopylov et al. 1988)
^ Kopylov, A. I.; Kopylova, F. G. (2002) "Search for streaming motion of galaxy clusters around the Giant Void" (PDF) Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.382, p.389-396 Bibcode: 2002A&A...382..389K doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011500
^ ^a ^b SIMBAD, "list of objects in '*void' wildcard search" (accessed 15 September 2009)
^ ^a ^b SIMBAD, "list of objects of type 'vid'" (accessed 15 September 2009)
^ ^a ^b Freudling, Wolfram; Martel, Hugo; Haynes, Martha P. (1991) "The peculiar velocity field in the Hercules region" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 377, Aug. 20, 1991, p. 349-364. Bibcode: 1991ApJ...377..349F doi:10.1086/170366
^ Rood, Herbert J. (1988) "Supplemental topics on voids" Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications (ISSN 0004-6280), vol. 100, Sept. 1988, p. 1071-1075. Bibcode: 1988PASP..100.1071R doi:10.1086/132272
^ Gregory, S. A. (1988) "Redshift surveys of emission-line galaxies" Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Publications (ISSN 0004-6280), vol. 100, Nov. 1988, p. 1340-1342. Bibcode: 1988PASP..100.1340G doi:10.1086/132330
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 229, no. 1, March 1990, p. 75-79. ; "A two-dimensional sheet of galaxies between two southern voids" ; 03/1990 ; ISSN 0004-6361 ; Bibcode: 1990A&A...229...75M
^ "Astronomers Find Enormous Hole in the Universe". National Radio Astronomy Observatory Press release, retrieved 24 August 2007.
^ "No evidence for the cold spot in the NVSS radio survey", Kendrick Smith and Dragan Huterer (2008).
^ Freudling, W. (1989) "An Upper Limit on Streaming Motion Around the Hercules Void" Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 21, p.1140 Bibcode: 1989BAAS...21.1140F
^ ^a ^b Krumm, N.; Brosch, N. (1984) "Neutral hydrogen in cosmic voids" Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 89, Oct. 1984, p. 1461-1463. Bibcode: 1984AJ.....89.1461K doi:10.1086/113647
^ ^a ^b Willmer, C. N. A.; da Costa, L. N.; Pellegrini, P. S.; Fairall, A. P.; Latham, David W.; Freudling, Wolfram (1995) "The Hydra-Centaurus region and the nearby universe" (PDF) The Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 109, no. 1669, p. 61-72 Bibcode: 1995AJ....109...61W doi:10.1086/117256
^ Hasegawa, Takashi; Wakamatsu, Ken-ichi; Malkan, Matthew; Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro; Menzies, John W.; Parker, Quentin A.; Jugaku, Jun; Karoji, Hiroshi; Okamura, Sadanori (2000) "Large-scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region" (PDF) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 316, Issue 2, pp. 326-344 Bibcode: 2000MNRAS.316..326H doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03531.x
^ S.A. Pustilnik (SAO), D. Engels (Hamburg), A.Y. Kniazev (ESO, SAO), A.G. Pramskij, A.V. Ugryumov (SAO), H.-J. Hagen (Hamburg) (2005) [ "HS 2134+0400 - new very metal-poor galaxy, a representative of void population?"] arXiv:astro-ph/0508255v1 Bibcode: 2006AstL...32..228P doi:10.1134/S1063773706040025
^ ^a ^b El-Ad, Hagai; Piran, Tsvi (1997) "Voids in the Large-Scale Structure" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal v.491, p.421 Bibcode: 1997ApJ...491..421E doi:10.1086/304973
^ NASA, "Cosmic Distance Scale"
^ Bahcall, N. A.; Soneira, R. M. (1982) "An approximately 300 MPC void of rich clusters of galaxies" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 262, Nov. 15, 1982, p. 419-423. Bibcode: 1982ApJ...262..419B doi:10.1086/160436
^ Tully, R. B. (1986) "Alignment of clusters and galaxies on scales up to 0.1 C" (PDF) Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 303, April 1, 1986, p. 25-38 Bibcode: 1986ApJ...303...25T doi:10.1086/164049
^ Batuski, D. J.; Burns, J. O. (1985) "Finding lists of candidate superclusters and voids of Abell clusters" (PDF) Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 90, Aug. 1985, p. 1413-1424. Bibcode: 1985AJ.....90.1413B doi:10.1086/113849
^ da Costa, L. Nicolaci; Pellegrini, P. S.; Sargent, W. L. W.; Tonry, J.; Davis, M.; Meiksin, A.; Latham, David W.; Menzies, J. W.; Coulson, I. A. (1988) [ "The Southern Sky Redshift Survey"] Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 327, April 15, 1988, p. 544-560 Bibcode: 1988ApJ...327..544D doi:10.1086/166215
^ Einasto, M; Einasto, J.; Tago, E.; Dalton, G. B.; Andernach, H. (1994-07-15), "The Structure of the Universe Traced by Rich Clusters of Galaxies", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 269: 301, Bibcode:1994MNRAS.269..301E Bibcode: 1994MNRAS.269..301E
^ Lu, Nanyao Y.; Freudling, Wolfram (1995) [ "Large-Scale Structures in the Zone of Avoidance: The Galactic Anticenter Region"] Astrophysical Journal v.449, p.527 Bibcode: 1995ApJ...449..527L doi:10.1086/176077
^ El-Ad, H.; Piran, T.; Dacosta, L. N. (1997) "A catalogue of the voids in the IRAS 1.2-Jy survey" (PDF) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 287, Issue 4, pp. 790-798. Bibcode: 1997MNRAS.287..790E

[edit] Notes

^ This is the diameter of the largest sphere one can describe inside the void that contains no superclusters. Some voids have an elongated shape, so this diameter may underrepresent the size of some voids.

[edit] See also

v t e Galaxy

Morphology	Dwarf galaxy elliptical spheroidal spiral Elliptical galaxy Irregular galaxy Lenticular galaxy barred unbarred Ring galaxy Spiral galaxy barred flocculent grand design intermediate Magellanic unbarred Giant galaxy cD-galaxy D-galaxy elliptical

Structure	Bar Bulge Dark matter halo Disc Galactic halo corona Galactic plane Interstellar medium Protogalaxy Spiral arm Supermassive black hole

Active nuclei	Blazar LINER Quasar Radio galaxy X-shaped Relativistic jet Seyfert galaxy

Energetic galaxies	LAE LIRG Starburst galaxy BCD Pea

Interaction	Field galaxy Galactic tide Galaxy groups and clusters brightest cluster galaxy fossil group Interacting galaxy merger Satellite galaxy Stellar stream Superclusters Walls Void galaxy Voids and supervoids

Lists	Clusters Large quasar groups Nearest galaxies Polar-ring galaxies Quasars Spiral galaxies Superclusters Voids

See also	Dark galaxy Faint blue galaxy Galaxy formation and evolution Intergalactic dust Intergalactic stars Intergalactic travel

Book:Galaxies Category:Galaxies Portal:Astronomy