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| Berwick | |
|---|---|
| — County (until circa 1890) — | |
 |
|
| Country | Scotland |
| County town | Berwick-upon-Tweed (historic) Greenlaw (1596–1890) Duns (modern) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,184 km2 (457 sq mi) |
| Ranked 19th | |
| Chapman code | BEW |
Berwickshire or the County of Berwick is a registration county, a committee area of the Scottish Borders Council, and a lieutenancy area of Scotland, on the border with England. The town after which it is named—Berwick-upon-Tweed—was lost by Scotland to England in 1482. The county was on occasion referred to as Duns-shire or Dunsshire during the Victorian period and after, reflecting the fact that Duns had become the county town.
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[edit] History
[edit] County
Berwickshire is one of the ancient counties of Scotland and between 1890 and 1975 had a county council for local government purposes. Its county town, after which it is named, had been Berwick-upon-Tweed, but the royal burgh changed hands in 1482, subsequently becoming part of the county of Northumberland, in England. Thereafter the county's administration was conducted at Duns or Lauder until Greenlaw became the county town in 1596.[1] When a county council was established in 1890 the county town once more became Duns, where the former county's Sheriff Court still sits, and where the Scottish Borders Council still maintains a principal set of offices.
At the time of the local government reorganisation in 1975 it contained four burghs and three districts:
- The royal burgh of Lauder
- The burghs of Coldstream, Duns and Eyemouth
- The county of Berwick East, Middle and West districts
[edit] District
The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 that abolished the local government county incorporated its area into the Borders Region. The region existed from 1975 until 1996, and was divided into four districts, one of which was named Berwickshire. The Berwickshire District area was not identical with the county area however: the burgh of Lauder and most of the county's West District were included in Ettrick and Lauderdale, while the parish of Nenthorn was made part of Roxburgh District. Berwickshire District Council's headquarters remained in Duns.
[edit] Coat of arms
The County Council of Berwick was formed in 1890 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, and applied for a grant of arms the same year. The grant, by Lord Lyon King of Arms was made on 10 October. The arms showed a bear chained to a wych-elm tree, which formed part of the insignia of the borough of Berwick upon Tweed, and was an heraldic pun on the town and county's name.[2]
On 12 November 1975 the arms were regranted to Berwickshire District Council.[3] On the abolition of the district council in 1996, the arms reverted to the Crown.
[edit] Legacy
The Berwickshire News is published weekly, and numerous organisations and groups have Berwickshire in their titles (i.e.: the Berwickshire Housing Association, Berwickshire Sports Council). The Berwickshire Civic Society is currently campaigning for road signs at the entrances to the county to have notices added saying 'You are now entering the ancient county of Berwickshire', and they hold an annual Keep Berwickshire Tidy Campaign, judged each April.
Places in Berwickshire include Ayton, Coldingham, Coldstream, Duns, Earlston, Eyemouth, Foulden, Greenlaw, Lauder (former seat of the county Commissariat), Mordington, St. Abbs, and Swinton.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Berwick-upon-Tweed - Braidwood | A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (pp. 124-151)". British-history.ac.uk. 2003-06-22. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
- ^ R.M. Urquhart (1973). Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry. London.
- ^ R.M. Urquhart (1979). Scottish Civic Heraldry. London.
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