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This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2008) |
This is a tabulated listing of the orders of magnitude in relation to pressure expressed in pascals.
| Magnitude | Pressure | lbf/in2 or dB | Item |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10−17 Pa | 10 aPa | Pressure in outer space in intergalactic voids (the lowest pressure ever measured)[1][2] | |
| 10−15 Pa | 1-10 fPa | Pressure in outer space between stars in the Milky Way[1][3] | |
| 10−12 Pa | 1 pPa | Lowest pressure obtained in laboratory conditions[4] | |
| 10−11 Pa | |||
| 40 pPa | Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar day,[5][6] very approximately (4×10−11 Pa)[citation needed] | ||
| 10−10 Pa | 100 pPa | Atmosphere of Mercury, very approximately (1×10−10 Pa)[7] | |
| 800 pPa | Atmosphere of the Moon at lunar night,[5][6] very approximately (8×10−10 Pa)[citation needed] | ||
| 10−9 Pa | < 1 nPa | Vacuum expected in the beam pipe of the Large Hadron Collider's Atlas experiment[8] | |
| ~1 nPa | Approximate solar wind pressure at Earth's distance from the Sun[9] (variable)[citation needed] | ||
| 10−8 Pa | 10 nPa | Pressure inside a vacuum chamber for laser cooling of atoms (magneto-optical trap)[citation needed] | |
| 10-700 nPa | Atmospheric pressure in low Earth orbit[10][11] | ||
| 10−7 Pa | 100 nPa | Highest pressure still considered ultra high vacuum [12][13] | |
| 10−6 Pa | 1 µPa | Reference pressure for sound in water[14] | |
| 1 µPa | Pressure inside a vacuum tube (very approximate)[citation needed] | ||
| 10−5 Pa | 10 µPa | Radiation pressure of sunlight on a perfectly reflecting surface at the distance of the Earth.[15] | |
| 20 µPa | 0 dB | Reference pressure for sound in air[16] | |
| ±20 µPa | 0 dB | Threshold of human hearing[16] | |
| 10−4 Pa | |||
| 10−3 Pa | 1-100 mPa | Vacuum pressures used for molecular distillation[17] | |
| 10−2 Pa | |||
| 10−1 Pa | 100 mPa | Upper limit of high vacuum[12][18] | |
| ~200 mPa | Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly)[19] | ||
| 1 Pa | 1 Pa | Pressure exerted by a US dollar bill resting flat on a surface[20] | |
| 1 Pa | Upper limit of molecular distillation, where the mean free path of molecules is larger than the equipment[citation needed] | ||
| 10 Pa | 10 Pa | Pressure increase per millimeter of a water column at Earth mean sea level[21] | |
| 10 Pa | Pressure due to direct impact of a gentle breeze (~9 mph or 14 km/h)[22][23][24] | ||
| 86 Pa | Pressure from the weight of a U.S. penny lying flat[25] | ||
| 102 Pa | ±100 Pa | ~130 dB | Threshold of pain pressure level for sound. Prolonged exposure may lead to hearing loss.[citation needed] |
| 100 Pa | Pressure due to direct impact of a strong breeze (~28 mph or 45 km/h)[22][23][26] | ||
| 120 Pa | Pressure from the weight of a U.S. quarter lying flat[27][28] | ||
| 133 Pa | 1 torr ≈ 1 mmHg.[29] | ||
| ±300 Pa | ±0.043 psi | Lung air pressure difference moving the normal breaths of a person (only 0.3% of standard atmospheric pressure)[30][31] | |
| 400 to 900 Pa | 0.06 to 0.13 psi | Atmospheric pressure on Mars, < 1% of atmospheric sea-level pressure on Earth[32] | |
| 610 Pa | 0.089 psi | Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of water (611.73 Pa)[33] | |
| 103 Pa | +1-10 kPa | Typical explosion peak overpressure needed to break glass windows (approximate)[34] | |
| 2 kPa | Pressure of popping popcorn (very approximate)[35][36] | ||
| 2.6 kPa | 0.38 psi | Pressure to make water boil at room temperature (22 °C) (20 mmHg)[37] | |
| 5 kPa | 0.8 psi | Blood pressure fluctuation (40 mmHg) between heartbeats for a typical healthy adult[38][39] | |
| 6.9 kPa | 1 psi | 1 pound-force per square inch[29] | |
| +9.8 kPa | +1.4 psi | Lung pressure that a typical person can exert (74 mmHg)[40] | |
| 104 Pa | 10 kPa | 1.5 psi | Pressure increase per meter of a water column[21] |
| 10 kPa | 1.5 psi | Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation[citation needed] | |
| +13 kPa | +1.9 psi | High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes[41] | |
| < +16 kPa | +2.3 psi | Systolic blood pressure in a healthy adult while at rest (< 120 mmHg) (gauge pressure)[38] | |
| +19.3 kPa | +2.8 psi | High end of lung pressure, exertable without injury by a healthy person for brief times[citation needed] | |
| +34 kPa | +5 psi | Level of long-duration blast overpressure (from a large-scale explosion) that would cause most buildings to collapse[42] | |
| +70 kPa | +10 psi | Pressure for paint exiting an HVLP (low-pressure) paint spray gun[43] | |
| 70 kPa | Pressure inside an incandescent light bulb[44] | ||
| 80 kPa | 12 psi | Pressure inside vacuum cleaner at sea level on Earth (80% of standard atmospheric pressure)[citation needed] | |
| 87 kPa | 13 psi | Record low atmospheric pressure for typhoon/hurricane (Typhoon Tip in 1979) (only 86% of standard atmospheric pressure)[45] | |
| 105 Pa | 100 kPa | 15 psi | 1 bar (14.5 psi),[46] approximately equal to the weight of one kilogram (1 kilopond) acting on one square centimeter[29] |
| 101 kPa | 15 psi | Standard atmospheric pressure for Earth sea level (14.7 psi)[29] | |
| 150 to > 550 kPa | 25 to > 80 psi | Impact pressure of a fist punch (approximate)[citation needed][47] | |
| +180 to +250 kPa | +26 to +36 psi | Air pressure in an automobile tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed] | |
| +200 to +1,500 kPa | +30 to +220 psi | Air pressure in a bicycle tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed] | |
| 300 kPa | 50 psi | Water pressure of a garden hose[48] | |
| 300 to 700 kPa | 50 to 100 psi | Typical water pressure of a municipal water supply in the US[49] | |
| 400 to 600 kPa | 60 to 90 psi | Air pressure in a champagne bottle[50] | |
| 520 kPa | 75 psi | Partial vapour pressure at the triple point of carbon dioxide[51] | |
| +690 to +830 kPa | +100 to +120 psi | Air pressure in a heavy truck/bus tire relative to atmosphere (gauge pressure)[citation needed] | |
| 800 kPa | Vapor pressure of water in a kernel of popcorn when the kernel ruptures[52] | ||
| 106 Pa | 0.8 to 2 MPa | 120 to 290 psi | Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives[citation needed] |
| 1.1 MPa | 162 psi | Pressure of an average human bite[53] | |
| 2.8 to 8.3 MPa | 400 to 1200 psi | Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun[54] | |
| 5 MPa | 700 psi | Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray nozzle[48] | |
| 5 MPa | 700 psi | Military submarine max. rated pressure (est.) of Seawolf class nuclear sub, at depth of 500 m[55][56] | |
| 6.9-27 MPa | 1000-4000 psi | Water spray pressure used by pressure washers[57] | |
| 9.2 MPa | 1300 psi | Atmosphere of Venus (92 bar)[58] | |
| 107 Pa | > 10 MPa | > 1500 psi | Pressure exerted by a 45 kg woman wearing stiletto heels when a heel hits the floor[59] |
| 15 MPa | 2200 psi | Power stroke maximum pressure in diesel truck engine when burning fuel[citation needed] | |
| 21 MPa | 3000 psi | Pressure of a typical aluminium scuba tank of pressurized air (210 bar)[60] | |
| 20 MPa | 2900 psi | Typical pressure used for hydrogenolysis reactions[61] | |
| 28 MPa | Overpressure caused by the bomb explosion during the Oklahoma City bombing[62] | ||
| 69 MPa | 10000 psi | Water pressure withstood by the DSV Shinkai 6500 in visiting ocean depths of > 6500 meters[63] | |
| 70 to 280 MPa | 10000 to 40000 psi | Maximum chamber pressure during a pistol firing[64] | |
| 108 Pa | 110 MPa | 16000 psi | Pressure at bottom of Mariana Trench, about 11 km below ocean surface (1100 bar)[65] |
| 100 to 300 MPa | 15000 to 44000 psi | Pressure inside reactor for the synthesis of high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE)[66] | |
| 400 MPa | 58,000 psi | Chamber pressure of late 1910s .50 Browning Machine Gun discharge[citation needed] | |
| 240 to 620 MPa | 35000 to 90000 psi | Water pressure used in a water jet cutter[67] | |
| 109 Pa | 1 GPa | Extremely high-pressure chemical reactors (10 kbar)[citation needed] | |
| 1.5 GPa | Diamond melts using a 3 kJ laser without turning into graphite first.[68] | ||
| 1.515556 GPa | 219,812.8 psi | tensile strength of Inconel 625 according to Aircraft metal strength tables and the Mil-Hdbk-5 | |
| 5.8 GPa | 840,000 psi | Ultimate tensile strength of the polymer Zylon | |
| 1010 Pa | 10 GPa | Pressure at which octaoxygen forms at room temperature (100,000 bar)[69] | |
| 18 GPa | Pressure needed for the first commercially successful synthesis of diamond[citation needed] | ||
| 24 to 110 GPa | Stability range of enstatite in its perovskite-structured polymorph, possibly the most common mineral inside the Earth[citation needed] | ||
| 40 GPa | Quantum mechanical electron degeneracy pressure in a block of copper[70] | ||
| 48 GPa | Detonation pressure of pure CL-20,[71] The most powerful high explosive in mass production. | ||
| 69 GPa | 10,000,000 psi | highest water jet pressure made in research lab[72] | |
| 96 GPa | Pressure at which metallic oxygen forms (960,000 bar)[69] | ||
| 1011 Pa | 100 GPa | Theoretical tensile strength of a carbon nanotube (CNT)[citation needed] | |
| 130 GPa | Intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[73] | ||
| > 300 GPa | Pressure attainable with a diamond anvil cell[74] | ||
| 360 GPa | Pressure inside the core of the Earth (3.64 million bar)[75][76] | ||
| 1012 Pa | |||
| 1013 Pa | |||
| 1014 Pa | 540 TPa | Pressure inside an Ivy Mike-like nuclear bomb detonation (5.3 billion bar)[77][78] | |
| 1015 Pa | 6.5 PPa | Pressure inside a W80 nuclear warhead detonation (64 billion bar)[77][79] | |
| 1016 Pa | 25 PPa | Pressure inside the core of the Sun (250 billion bar)[80] | |
| 57 PPa | Pressure inside a uranium nucleus (8 MeV in a sphere of radius 175 pm)[81] | ||
| 1034 Pa | 0.3 to 16×1034 Pa | Pressure range inside a neutron star[82] | |
| 10113 Pa | 4.6×10113 Pa | 6.7×10109 psi | The Planck pressure (4.63×10108 bar), not reached except shortly after the Big Bang or in a black hole[citation needed] |
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