Relative analgesia machine - Mashpedia All-in-One Encyclopedia

A relative analgesia machine is used by dentists to induce inhalation sedation in their patients. It delivers a mixture of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) and oxygen. A relative analgesia machine is simpler than an anaesthetic machine, as it does not feature the additional medical ventilator and anaesthetic vaporiser, which are only needed for administration of general anesthetics. Instead the relative analgesia machine is designed for the light form of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, where the patient is less sensitive to pain but remains fully conscious.^[1]

References [edit]

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^ Dental Fear Central (2004). "Inhalation sedation (aka Laughing Gas)". Retrieved 2010-04-18.

v t e Anesthesia

Types	General (Twilight) Local (Topical) Spinal Epidural Dental (Inferior alveolar nerve) Neuroleptanalgesic anesthesia Brachial plexus block

Techniques	Airway management Anesthesia provision in the US Capnography Concentration effect Dogliotti's principle Drug-induced amnesia Fink effect Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring Penthrox inhaler Tracheal intubation

Measurements	ASA physical status classification system Baricity Bispectral index Direct Fick method Entropy monitoring Fick principle Goldman index Guedel's classification Mallampati score Minimum alveolar concentration Neuromuscular monitoring

Instruments	Anaesthetic machine Anesthesia cart Boyle's machine Gas cylinder Laryngeal mask airway Laryngeal tube Medical monitor Odom's indicator Relative analgesia machine Vaporiser

Drugs	Benzodiazepine Etomidate General anaesthetic Inhalational anaesthetic Infiltration analgesia Ketamine Local anesthetic Methohexital Methoxyflurane Midazolam Neuraxial blockade Propofol Thiopental Thiopentone

Complications	Emergence delirium Allergic reactions Anesthesia awareness Local anesthetic toxicity Malignant hyperthermia Perioperative mortality Postanesthetic shivering Postoperative nausea and vomiting Postoperative residual curarization

Fields of study	Cardiothoracic Geriatric Oral sedation dentistry

Professions	Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologist assistant Nurse anesthetist Operating Department Practitioners Certified Anesthesia Technician Certified Anesthesia Technologist Anaesthetic technician

History	A.C.E. mixture Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology History of general anesthesia History of neuraxial anesthesia History of tracheal intubation

Organizations	American Association of Nurse Anesthetists American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians American Society of Anesthesiologists Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Australian Society of Anaesthetists International Anesthesia Research Society

Dentistry

Recognized specialties
(in the United States)

Fields that are not recognized specialties
(in the United States)

Dental surgery

See also

M: TTH

anat/devp/phys

noco/cong/jaws/tumr, epon, injr

dent, proc (endo, orth, pros)

Anesthetic: General anesthetics (N01A)

Inhalation

Ethers	Diethyl ether Methoxypropane Vinyl ether halogenated ethers Desflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Sevoflurane

Haloalkanes	Chloroform Halothane^# Trichloroethylene

Others	Cyclopropane Ethylene Nitrous oxide^# Xenon

Injection

Barbiturates	Hexobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Thiopental^# Thiotetrabarbital

Opioids	Alfentanil Anileridine Fentanyl Phenoperidine Remifentanil Sufentanil

Neuroactive steroids	Alfaxalone Minaxolone

Others	Droperidol Etomidate Fospropofol gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid Ketamine^# /Esketamine Midazolam Propanidid Propofol

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: CNS

anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Routes of administration / Dosage forms

Oral

Digestive tract (enteral)

Solids	Pill Tablet Capsule Time release technology Osmotic delivery system (OROS)

Liquids	Elixir Emulsion Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Tincture Tisane

Buccal (Sublabial) Sublingual

Solids	Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) Film Lollipop Lozenges Chewing gum

Liquids	Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Oral spray

Respiratory
tract

Solids	Smoking device Dry powder inhaler (DPI)

Liquids	Anaesthetic vaporizer Vaporizer Nebulizer metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Gas	Oxygen mask Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic /
Otologic / Nasal

Nasal spray
Ear drops
Eye drops
Ointment
Hydrogel
Nanosphere suspension
Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)

Urogenital

Rectal (enteral)

Dermal

Injection / Infusion
(into tissue/blood)

Skin	Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant

Organs	Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular injection Transscleral

Central nervous system	Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural

Circulatory / Musculoskeletal	Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection

Additional
explanation:

Mucous membranes are used by the human body to absorb the dosage for all routes of administration, except for "Dermal" and "Injection/Infusion".
Administration routes can also be grouped as Topical (local effect) or Systemic (defined as Enteral = Digestive tract/Rectal, or Parenteral = All other routes).