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![]() 2016 U.S. presidential election |
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Republican Party |
Democratic Party |
Third parties |
Related races |
This article contains lists of official and potential third party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.
"Third party" is a term commonly used in the United States in reference to political parties other than the two major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. An independent candidate is one who runs for office with no formal party affiliation.
Ballot access in states holding 270 or more electoral votes represents a majority of the 538 electoral votes in the Electoral College. The number of electoral votes for which a party or independent candidate has secured ballot access may increase as those parties or candidates complete their petitions, and filings for ballot access, until September 2016 when the last petition deadlines occur.[1]
According to the Green Papers website, 31 people were on the ballot in at least one state, while 192, including those who were on ballots in some states, obtained recognition as official "write-in" candidates.[2]
State | Hillary Clinton | Donald Trump | Gary Johnson | Jill Stein | Evan McMullin | Darrell Castle | Bernie Sanders | Gloria La Riva |
Rocky De La Fuente |
Richard Duncan | Dan Vacek | Alyson Kennedy | Mike Smith | Chris Keniston | Mike Maturen | Lynn Kahn | James Hedges | Tom Hoefling | Monica Moorehead | Peter Skewes | L. Kotlikoff | Rocky Giordani | Emidio Soltysik | Scott Copeland | Kyle Kopitke | Joseph Maldonado | Rod Silva | Kadijah Jacob | Ryan Scott | Jerry White | Bradford Lyttle | Frank Atwood | undisclosed write-ins |
Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Republican | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | Socialism and Liberation |
Reform | Legal Marijuana Now | Socialist Workers | Veterans | American Solidarity | Prohibition | America's | Workers World | American | Independent American | Socialist | Constitution Idaho | Nutrition | Revolu- tionary |
Socialist Equality | US Pacifist | Approval Voting | ||||||||||||
Alabama | 729,547 | 1,318,255 | 44,467 | 9,391 | 21,712 | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alaska | 116,454 | 163,387 | 18,725 | 5,735 | 3,866 | 1,240 | 9,201 | [4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arizona | 1,161,167 | 1,252,401 | 106,327 | 34,345 | [5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arkansas | 380,494 | 684,872 | 13,255 | 9,473 | 4,613 | 3,390 | 4,709 | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
California | 8,753,788 | 4,483,810 | 478,500 | 278,657 | 39,596 | 79,341 | 66,101 | 1,316 | 84 | [7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Colorado | 1,338,870 | 1,202,484 | 144,121 | 38,437 | 28,917 | 11,699 | 531 | 1,255 | 452 | 1,819 | 5,028 | 862 | 185 | 710 | 392 | 271 | 1,096 | 872 | 751 | 749 | 382 | 337 | [8] | |||||||||||
Connecticut | 897,572 | 673,215 | 48,676 | 22,841 | 2,108 | 147 | 41 | 12 | 12 | 31 | 4 | 23 | 4 | [9] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | 221,608 | 175,162 | 14,045 | 5,868 | [10] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Florida | 4,504,975 | 4,617,886 | 207,043 | 64,399 | 16,475 | 9,108 | 25 | 74 | [11] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | 1,877,963 | 2,089,104 | 125,306 | 7,674 | 13,017 | 1,110 | 53 | 151 | 70 | 34 | 284 | [12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hawaii | 266,891 | 128,847 | 15,954 | 12,737 | 4,508 | [13] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Idaho | 189,765 | 409,055 | 28,331 | 8,496 | 46,476 | 4,403 | 1,373 | 2,356 | [14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | 3,090,729 | 2,146,015 | 209,596 | 76,802 | 11,655 | 1,138 | 175 | 82 | 20 | [15] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | 1,033,126 | 1,557,286 | 133,993 | 7,841 | 1,413 | 21 | 25 | 269 | 49 | 57 | [16] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Iowa | 653,669 | 800,983 | 59,186 | 11,479 | 12,366 | 5,355 | 323 | 451 | 2,246 | 2,247 | 17,746 | [17] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Kansas | 427,005 | 671,018 | 55,406 | 23,506 | 6,520 | 646 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 214 | 2 | 3 | 45 | [18] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 628,854 | 1,202,971 | 53,752 | 13,913 | 22,780 | 438 | 1,128 | 2 | 9 | 22 | 155 | 39 | 8 | 2 | 4 | [19] | ||||||||||||||||||
Louisiana | 780,154 | 1,178,638 | 37,978 | 14,031 | 8,547 | 3,129 | 446 | 480 | 1,881 | 1,581 | 1,048 | 749 | 370 | [20] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Maine | 357,735 | 335,593 | 38,105 | 14,251 | 1,887 | 333 | 16 | [21] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | 1,677,928 | 943,169 | 79,605 | 35,945 | 9,630 | 566 | 48 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 504 | 18 | 5 | 42 | 73 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 33,263 | [22] | ||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 1,995,196 | 1,090,893 | 138,018 | 47,661 | 2,719 | 15 | 28 | 50,488 | [23] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | 2,268,839 | 2,279,543 | 172,136 | 51,463 | 8,177 | 16,139 | 517 | 95 | 30 | 87 | 2,209 | [24] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Minnesota | 1,367,716 | 1,322,951 | 112,972 | 36,985 | 53,076 | 9,456 | 12 | 1,431 | 1 | 11,291 | 1,672 | 3 | 31 | 244 | 28 | 17 | 15 | [25] | ||||||||||||||||
Mississippi | 485,131 | 700,714 | 14,435 | 3,731 | 3,987 | 644 | 715 | [26] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Missouri | 1,071,068 | 1,594,511 | 97,359 | 25,419 | 7,071 | 13,092 | 6 | 48 | 87 | [27] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Montana | 177,709 | 279,240 | 28,037 | 7,970 | 2,297 | 296 | 1,570 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 1 | [28] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nebraska | 273,185 | 485,372 | 37,577 | 8,337 | [29] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nevada | 539,260 | 512,058 | 37,384 | 5,268 | 2,552 | [30] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 348,526 | 345,790 | 30,777 | 6,496 | 1,064 | 4,493 | 678 | 2,411 | [31] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 2,148,278 | 1,601,933 | 72,477 | 37,772 | 6,161 | 1,682 | 1,838 | 2,156 | 1,749 | [32] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Mexico | 385,234 | 319,666 | 74,541 | 9,879 | 5,825 | 1,514 | 1,184 | 475 | [33] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
New York | 4,665,740 | 3,078,946 | 174,951 | 106,995 | 9,326 | 801 | 147 | 30 | 84 | 409 | 72 | 127 | 65 | 34 | 47,602 | [34] | ||||||||||||||||||
North Carolina | 2,189,316 | 2,362,631 | 130,126 | 12,105 | 47,386 | [35] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North Dakota | 93,758 | 216,794 | 21,434 | 3,780 | 1,833 | 364 | 6,397 | [36] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | 2,394,164 | 2,841,005 | 174,498 | 46,271 | 12,574 | 1,887 | 24,235 | 62 | 114 | 552 | 268 | 19 | 90 | 18 | [37] | |||||||||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 420,375 | 949,136 | 83,481 | [38] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oregon | 1,002,106 | 782,403 | 94,231 | 50,002 | 72,594 | [39] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 2,926,441 | 2,970,733 | 146,715 | 49,941 | 21,572 | [40] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 252,525 | 180,543 | 14,746 | 6,220 | 773 | 52 | 3,497 | 8 | 671 | 6 | 34 | 7 | 9,439 | [41][42] | ||||||||||||||||||||
South Carolina | 855,373 | 1,155,389 | 49,204 | 13,034 | 21,016 | 5,765 | 3,246 | [43] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Dakota | 117,442 | 227,701 | 20,845 | 4,059 | [44] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee | 870,695 | 1,522,925 | 70,397 | 15,993 | 11,991 | 1,584 | 4,075 | 2,877 | 7,276 | 132 | 20 | [45] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | 3,877,868 | 4,685,047 | 283,492 | 71,558 | 42,366 | 4,261 | 1,401 | 932 | 122 | 1,037 | 72 | [46] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Utah | 310,674 | 515,211 | 39,608 | 9,438 | 243,685 | 8,032 | 872 | 521 | 544 | 2,732 | [47] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Vermont | 178,573 | 95,369 | 10,078 | 6,758 | 629 | 63 | 18,218 | 327 | 1,063 | 1 | 19 | 3,959 | [48] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Virginia | 1,981,473 | 1,769,443 | 118,274 | 27,638 | 54,054 | 31,870 | [49] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Washington | 1,539,287 | 1,063,835 | 134,096 | 46,872 | 14,565 | 2,779 | 3,583 | [50] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Washington, D.C. | 282,830 | 12,723 | 4,906 | 4,258 | 6,551 | [51] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
West Virginia | 188,794 | 489,371 | 23,004 | 8,075 | 3,807 | [52] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 1,382,536 | 1,405,284 | 106,674 | 31,072 | 11,855 | 12,162 | 1,502 | 67 | 284 | 80 | 1,770 | 15 | 33 | 4 | 22,764 | [53] | ||||||||||||||||||
Wyoming | 55,973 | 174,419 | 13,287 | 2,515 | 2,042 | 709 | 6,904 | [54] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL | 65,734,379 | 63,065,730 | 4,442,131 | 1,444,059 | 691,997 | 198,217 | 105,549 | 73,636 | 33,085 | 24,306 | 13,537 | 11,741 | 9,255 | 7,233 | 6,662 | 5,729 | 5,617 | 4,689 | 4,314 | 3,250 | 3,128 | 2,732 | 2,698 | 2,356 | 1,096 | 932 | 751 | 749 | 749 | 469 | 382 | 337 | 390,571 | |
PLACE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 32 |
Ballot access: The Libertarian ticket was on all 51 ballots.[55]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Gary Johnson (Campaign) |
Governor of New Mexico, 1995–2003 Libertarian Party presidential nominee, 2012 |
![]() |
May 29, 2016[56] | ![]() William Weld of Massachusetts |
Other parties | National Total | National percentage | highest single state total | highest single state percentage |
Independence Party of New York |
4,489,233 | 3.3% | 402,452 (3.4%) California |
74,031 (8.3%) New Mexico |
Nationally, Johnson captured 5 percent or more of the vote in eight states: New Mexico, North Dakota, Alaska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming and Maine.
All major polling outfits have included Johnson in their published results. His highest total was 13% in a CNN/ORC poll taken in July. Since then he has generally been in the upper single digits, breaking 10% as recently as October 10 in a Politico/Morning Consult poll.
His greatest statewide percentage was in his home state of New Mexico, where he reached the mid-twenties in September, and has since fallen back into the teens. He has been in the teens in several other state polls, most recently in a WBUR/MassINC poll taken in New Hampshire on November 1.
There were six primaries, Gary Johnson received 22,642 votes while none of the others received as much as 4 thousand.
Libertarian National Convention Presidential vote, 2016 [57] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | First Ballot | Percentage | Second Ballot | Percentage |
Gary Johnson | 458 | 49.5% | 518 | 55.8% |
Austin Petersen | 197 | 21.3% | 203 | 21.9% |
John McAfee | 131 | 14.2% | 131 | 14.1% |
Darryl W. Perry | 63 | 6.8% | 52 | 5.6% |
Marc Allan Feldman | 58 | 6.3% | 18 | 1.9% |
Kevin McCormick | 9 | 1.0% | 1 (write-in) | 0.1% |
None of the above | 5 | 0.5% | 2 | 0.2% |
Ron Paul (Write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | ||
Vermin Supreme (Write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | ||
Heidi Zemen (Write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | ||
Derrick Grayson (Write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% |
Michael Shannon (Write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | ||
Rhett Smith (Write-in) | 1 | 0.1% | ||
Totals | 928 | 100% |
Ballot access (Write-in included): 47 states + DC
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Jill Stein (Campaign) |
Lexington Town Meeting member (2005–2011) Green Party presidential nominee, 2012 |
![]() |
August 6, 2016 | ![]() Ajamu Baraka of Washington, D.C. |
National Total | National percentage | highest single state total | highest single state percentage | notes |
1,457,222 | 1.1% | 278,657 (1.9%) California |
12,737 (3.0%) Hawaii |
This is the first fourth-place finisher to breach the one million mark since 1948 |
All major polling outfits have included Stein in their published results. Her highest total was 6% in McClatchy/Marist poll taken early August. Since then her highest total was 4% in a CBS/New York Times poll taken in late October. She generally stands at 2 or 3%.
In statewide polling she has gotten as high as 7% in an Emmerson college poll from Vermont in September.
Five additional candidates sought the Green Party nomination.[58][59][60]
Green National Convention Presidential Roll call vote, 2016[61] | ||
---|---|---|
Candidate | First Ballot | Percentage |
Jill Stein | 233.5 | 81.6% |
William Kreml | 18.25 | 6.4% |
Sedinam Curry | 14.5 | 5.1% |
Darryl Cherney | 8.5 | 3.0% |
Kent Mesplay | 7.5 | 2.6% |
Elijah Manley | 3.25 | 1.1% |
No candidate | 0.5 | 0.2% |
Totals | 286 | 100% |
Turnout | 286 | 71.1% |
The anti-Donald Trump Better for America PAC recruited Even McMullin as a candidate for president. He is on the ballot in 11 states and has write-in access for many more.
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | Vice presidential candidate | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Evan McMullin (Campaign) |
Chief Policy Director for the House Republican Conference, 2015–2016 CIA agent, 2001–2011 |
![]() |
August 8, 2016[62] | ![]() Mindy Finn of the District of Columbia[63] |
See also: Better for America A (as Independence Party of Minnesota nominee) Nathan Johnson, a resident of San Diego, appears as McMullin's running mate on numerous state ballots.[64][65] |
Other parties | National Total | National percentage | highest single state total | highest single state percentage | |
Independence Party of South Carolina Independence Party of Minnesota |
731,709 [66] | 0.4% | 233,266 (21.4%) (Utah) |
233,266 (21.4%) (Utah) |
Aside from his large total in Utah, the ticket came in third in Idaho, and fourth in seven of the nine other states where it was on the ballot. |
Electoral votes: 207 (Scott Copeland has access to 4 electoral votes in Idaho, where Castle is on the ballot as an independent[67])
Write-in included: 406
Ballot access: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.[68][69][70][71]
Write-in access: Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia.[69]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Darrell Castle |
Attorney, Constitution Party vice presidential nominee, 2008 |
![]() |
April 16, 2016[72][73] | Scott N. Bradley of Utah |
Other parties | National Total | National percentage | highest single state total | highest single state percentage |
Taxpayer's Party Michigan |
203,069 | 0.1% | 21,010 (0.4%) Pennsylvania |
3,311 (1.2%) Alaska |
Castle has not been featured in any national polls. However he was listed in a few in Utah in August and September, where he got as much as 2%, and in Nevada, where he got 1%.
The 2016 Presidential Nominating Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah on April 13–16.[74]
Constitution Party National Convention presidential vote, 2016[75][76] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Notes |
Darrell Castle | 184 | 54.2% | received 181,741 votes (0.1%) in the general election |
Scott Copeland (Texas)[77] | 103.5 | 30.5% | On the ballot in Idaho as the Constitution Party's presidential nominee,[78] |
Tom Hoefling[79] | 19 | 5.6% |
American Independent Party presidential nominee, 2012 |
Daniel Cummings (Wyoming)[80] | 9 | 2.7% | |
J.R. Myers (Alaska) | 9 | 2.7% | Sought 2016 American Independent Party presidential nomination, on the ballot in Idaho as the Constitution Party's vice-presidential nominee,[81] |
Don Grundmann (California)[82] | 6 | 1.8% | Sought 2008 and 2012 Constitution Party presidential nomination |
John Diamond (Pennsylvania)[83] | 5 | 1.5% | |
Jeremy Friedbaum (Utah)[84] | 4 | 1.2% | |
Totals | 339.5 | 100.0% |
Electoral votes: 80 (Gloria LaRiva has a combined 135 electoral votes via the Party for Socialism and Liberation, the Peace and Freedom Party, and the Liberty Union Party)
Ballot access: California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington[85][86]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Gloria La Riva |
Newspaper printer and activist Peace and Freedom Party presidential nominee, 2016, Party for Socialism and Liberation presidential nominee, 2008 Workers World Party presidential nominee, 1992 |
![]() |
July 2015[87] | ![]() Eugene Puryear of Washington, D.C.[87]| ![]() Dennis Banks of Minnesota (in CA only)[88] |
|
State parties | National Total | National percentage | Peace and Freedom Total | other party total | |
Party for Socialism and Liberation Peace and Freedom (California) Liberty Union (Vermont). |
74,405 | 0.1% | 53,133 | 7,857 |
La Riva is on the ballot in numerous states under this banner and as an independent.
La Riva won the primary in Vermont and thus was awarded the ballot line there.
La Riva participated in the Free and Equal presidential debate.
La Riva won the primary in California and thus was awarded the ballot line at the state convention. Jill Stein, who was on the Green party primary ballot was removed from the PF one.
California Peace and Freedom presidential primary, June 7, 2016[90] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Con. Vote |
Gloria Estela La Riva | 2,232 | 49% | 56 |
Monica Moorehead | 1,369 | 30% | 12 |
Lynn Sandra Kahn | 963 | 21% | 1 |
Jill Stein | (disqualified) | 0% | 9 |
Total | 4,564 | 100% | 78 |
Electoral votes: 147 (De La Fuente has access to a combined 147 electoral votes as an Independent, via The American Delta Party and via The Reform Party)[91][92]
Write-In included: 346 Electors[91][92]
Anticipated Write-In Included: 404 Electors
Ballot access:
Under the ballot label "Reform Party" Florida
Under the ballot label "American Delta Party":[93] Colorado,[94] Iowa,[95] Louisiana,[96] Minnesota,[97] Mississippi,[98] New Jersey,[99] New Mexico.[100]
As an independent: Alaska,[101] Idaho,[102] Kentucky,[103] Montana,[104] Nevada,[105] New Hampshire,[106] North Dakota,[107] Rhode Island[108] Tennessee,[109] Utah,[102] Vermont,[110] Wisconsin,[111] Wyoming.[112]
Write-In:[113] Alabama, Arizona, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Indiana, Maryland, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Virginia, Kansas, West Virginia, Washington. Total 199 Electors
Anticipated Write-In:[113] Connecticut, Missouri, South Dakota
No Ballot Access 2016: Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina.
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | Vice presidential nominee | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Rocky De La Fuente |
Businessman | ![]() |
July 19, 2016[114] | ![]() Michael Steinberg of Florida |
Received 67,457 votes in the Democratic presidential primary Ran for the Democratic United States Senate nomination in Florida, 2016 |
State parties | National Total | National percentage | highest single state total | highest single state percentage | |
American Delta Reform |
33,136 | 0% | 9,101 (0.1%) Florida |
1,063 (0.3%) Vermont |
In August and September, Suffolk University did polling listing De la Fuente in Nevada. He got only 1%.
The American Delta Party is an organization specifically created to support De La Fuente's independent candidacy.
The Reform Party recognized the following other candidates as seeking its presidential nomination[115] The vote totals nominating De La Fuente were never released.
Name | Notes |
---|---|
Ed Chlapowski[115] | Owner/manager at Opportunity Resolution |
Kenneth Cross[115] | Semi-retired engineer and businessman Reform Party vice-presidential nominee, 2012 |
Lynn Kahn[115] | Doctor of clinical psychology Sought 2016 Peace and Freedom Party presidential nomination. Will appear on Arkansas and Iowa ballot. |
Darcy Richardson[115] | Historian and writer 2012 Democratic Party presidential hopeful. received 41,730 in the primary[116] |
Name | State | Vice presidential nominee | national vote total | ballot access. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Richard Duncan | Ohio | Ricky Johnson | 24,308 (0%) |
18 (173) Ohio[117] (Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia) |
Several grassroots campaigns to elect Bernie Sanders President as a write-in candidate were established on social media in the run-up to the United States presidential election. Though Sanders continued to campaign for Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, supporters pointed to alleged DNC bias in the Democratic Party's presidential primaries against Sanders, and Clinton's email scandal, and continued to support him.[118] Both Clinton and Donald Trump would have had to win less than the required 270 electoral college votes for Sanders to have denied either candidate the presidency, and for the election to be passed to the House of Representatives - thus the initial write-in campaign around Vermont, offering only 3 college votes, was unsuccessful.[119] The campaign expanded to include all 12 eligible states (one of which listed Sanders as an official write-in candidate), and relied on states such as California, with a high electoral college vote count and large support for Sanders, to be successful in denying both Trump and Clinton.[120] He has received over 100 thousand popular votes and one electoral vote. Two other electoral votes were disallowed.
What is notable here is that he came in third in Vermont,[121] coming ahead of both Gary Johnson and Jill Stein and taking 5.7% of the vote (18,183 tallied), something that has never happened before in a fall Presidential election.
Ballot access: Iowa, Minnesota
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | National Popular vote |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Dan Vacek |
Financial Assistance Caseworker, Ramsey County, Minnesota |
![]() |
July 25, 2016[122] | Mark Elworth of Nebraska | 13,538 (0%) |
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | National vote total | Ballot access |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alyson Kennedy | Labor Organizer and Activist Socialist Workers Party vice presidential nominee 2008 |
![]() |
February 12, 2016[124] | Osborne Hart of Pennsylvania[125] | 12,467 (0%) | Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, Washington[126] |
Electoral votes: 15
Ballot access: Colorado, Mississippi[127]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | Popular vote |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reliability Engineer | ![]() |
Deacon Taylor of Florida | 7,251 (0%) |
Electoral votes: 9
Write-In included: 332
Ballot access: Colorado[129]
Write-In: Alabama,[130] Alaska,[131] California,[132] Georgia,[133] Idaho,[134] Iowa,[130] Kansas, Kentucky,[135] Maryland,[136] Michigan,[137] Minnesota,[138] Nebraska,[139] New Hampshire,[130] New Jersey,[130] New York,[140] North Dakota,[141] Ohio,[142] Oregon,[143] Pennsylvania,[130] Rhode Island,[130] Texas,[144] Vermont,[130] Virginia,[145] Washington,[146] Wisconsin[147]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | National Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mike Maturen | Sales professional | ![]() |
July 9, 2016 | Juan Muñoz | 6,776 (0%) |
Electoral votes: 21
Ballot access: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[148]
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() James Hedges |
Tax Assessor, Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania (2002–2007) American Independent Party presidential candidate, 2016 Prohibition Party presidential candidate, 2012 |
![]() |
July 2015[149] | July 31, 2015[149] | Bill Bayes of Mississippi |
State parties | National Total | National percentage | highest single state total | highest single state percentage | |
5,617 | 0% |
Poll standings: In order to see if support for Jill Stein and Gary Johnson was genuine, Falrleigh Dickinson University conducted a poll substituting Hedges and Monica Moorhead of the Workers'World Party, for Johnson and Stein. Hedges received 4%.[150]
Electoral votes: 44
Ballot access: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | Vice presidential nominee | national total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tom Hoefling | Political activist American Independent Party and Constitution Party presidential candidate, 2016 American Independent Party and America's Party presidential nominee, 2012 |
![]() |
January 2016[151] | Steve Schulin of South Carolina |
4,856 |
Electoral votes: 30
Ballot access: New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin[152][153]
(Texas)[154]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | National Total | National percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monica Moorehead | Perennial candidate and activist | ![]() |
November 8, 2015[155] | Lamont Lilly[155] | 4,319 | 0% |
Poll standings: In order to see if support for Jill Stein and Gary Johnson was genuine, Falrleigh Dickinson University conducted a poll substituting Moorhead and Jim Hedges of the Prohibition Party, for Johnson and Stein. Ms. Moorehead received 3%, the same amount Stein did.[150]
Electoral votes: 9
Ballot access: South Carolina
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | Vice presidential nominee | national total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peter Skewes | Professor, Clemson University |
![]() |
May 15, 2016[156] | Michael Lacy | 3,246 |
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | Vice presidential candidate | Ballot access | total popular vote (percentage) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Laurence Kotlikoff |
Economics professor at Boston University | ![]() |
Edward E. Leamer of California | * On ballot: Colorado, Louisiana[157]
|
3,603 (0%) |
Electoral votes: 18
Ballot access: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah[179]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | national total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rocky Giordani | Author | ![]() |
November 7, 2015[180] | Farley Anderson | 2,752 |
Electoral votes: 25
Ballot access: Colorado, Michigan[181]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Mimi Soltysik |
Former National Co-Chair, Socialist Party USA |
![]() |
October 17, 2015[182] | ![]() Angela Walker of Wisconsin |
Other parties | National Total | National percentage | ||
Natural Law Party (Michigan)[183] |
2,705 | 0% |
He also received 1,086 votes in Guam's presidential "beauty contest."
Electoral votes: 9
Ballot access: Colorado[184]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | popular vote |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rod Silva | Restaurateur | ![]() |
October 20, 2015[185] | Richard Silva | 751 (0%) |
Electoral votes: 8
Ballot access: Louisiana[186]
Name | Prior positions | State | Nominated | Vice presidential nominee | Total popular vote: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Jerry White |
Labor editor, World Socialist Web Site Socialist Equality Party presidential nominee, 1996, 2008, and 2012 |
![]() |
April 22, 2016[187] | Niles Niemuth of Wisconsin (Constitutionally ineligible – under age 35)[188] |
485 nationwide. |
Several states, most notably New York, permit fusion tickets. A fusion ticket is when a candidate or candidates are permitted more than one ballot line by being nominated by one or more third parties and permitting the votes on all lines to be added together for a single state total.
The Clinton/Kaine ticket is on the ballot in New York on the Women's Equality and Working Families Party lines, while the Trump/Pence ticket is on the Conservative party there as well as the American Independent Party in California.
The state committee nominated Donald Trump by voice vote.
Initially, the Working Families Party had endorsed Bernie Sanders for president, but when he conceded defeat at the Democratic convention and endorsed Hillary Clinton, the party had a mail in primary where Clinton defeated Jill Stein and "no endorsement" with 68% of the vote, preferring fusion rather than "asking voters to cast a vote that is at best meaningless and at worst destructive of progressive possibility."[189]
A faction of the party's executive committee nominated Dr. Lynn Sandra Kahn, while another nominated Hillary Clinton. The New York State board of elections decided the former Secretary of State would get the ballot line.[190][191]
The state committee ignored the primary and designated Trump as its nominee.[192]
California did not record a separate ballot total for the AIP.
Below are the results of the California Primary ballot, which was rendered superfluous when the state committee decided to select Donald Trump.[193]
California American Independent presidential primary, June 7, 2016[194] | ||
---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
Alan Spears | 7,348 | 19% |
Arthur Harris | 6,510 | 17% |
Robert Ornelas | 6,411 | 17% |
J.R. Myers | 4,898 | 13% |
Wiley Drake | 4,828 | 13% |
James Hedges | 3,989 | 11% |
Thomas Hoefling | 3,917 | 10% |
Total | 37,901 | 100% |
According to the Federal Election Commission almost 2,000 People, both real and fictional, have been registered as presidential candidates.[195]
Among the more notable ones are:
Name | Prior positions | State | Announced candidacy | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zoltan Istvan |
Futurist, writer, transhumanist philosopher | ![]() |
October 2014[196][197][198] | Founder of the proposed Transhumanist Party, He had write-in access in New York and in Florida, where he received 76 and 19 votes respectively, for a total of 95 votes.[199] |
Dan Bilzerian | Professional poker player | ![]() |
June 2015[200] | Withdrew in December 2015 and endorsed Donald Trump.[201] |
![]() Ken Fields |
Entrepreneur, environmental advocate | ![]() |
November 2015[202][203] | campaign last heard of in August.[204] |
![]() Terry Jones |
Pastor for Dove World Outreach Center | ![]() |
July 2013[205][206] | |
Lucy Lou | Mayor of Rabbit Hash, Kentucky | ![]() |
November 2015[207][208] | |
Merlin Miller |
Filmmaker | ![]() |
July 2015[209] | |
Joe Schriner | Painter | ![]() |
October 2014[210] | |
Guy Schwartz | Musician | ![]() |
||
![]() Ron White |
Comedian and actor | November 2015[212] | His candidacy was a gimmick to help promote his comedy tour[213][214] | |
Former Savannah State University head football coach | ![]() |
December 2012 (original filing)[215]
March 2016[216] |
He made no attempt to get on any ballot. |
A minimum of 1,022,439 (0.8%) voters[217] cast write in ballots, what is believed to be a record. Many were for registered candidates who were on the ballot in one or more states, others for candidates who were registered but were on no ballots and others were for fictional or perceptibly humorous figures, like of Mickey Mouse or Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The vast majority of these will never be counted or recorded as individuals but as "Others" or "Scattered." Many states disallow write-up candidacy[218]
The following candidates had no on-ballot access but were official write-in candidates in at least one state.[219]
Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont are not listed below as those states do not require filing as a write-in candidate.
The following individuals have been the focus of presidential speculation as an independent candidate in multiple media reports during the 2016 election cycle, but such speculation has ostensibly ceased for a period of three months or longer.
Individuals listed in this section have been the focus of media speculation as being possible 2016 presidential candidates but have unequivocally ruled out an independent presidential bid in 2016.
Oregon voters have the option of not voting for any of the candidates for office who are printed on the ballot, but instead writing in a name of a candidate for each office. All write-in votes for each office on the ballot are tallied together with a lump sum recorded unless: 1 No names of candidates are printed on the ballot for the office; or 2 If the total number of write-in votes for candidates equals or exceeds the total number of votes for any candidate for the same nomination or office. In these two circumstances, the county clerk tallies all write-in votes cast for the office to show the total number of votes for each write-in candidate.
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